S.G.
BALEKUNDRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BELAGAVI.590010
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SEMINAR ON
High Volume Fly-ash Concrete
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
HIGH-VOLUME FLY ASH CONCRETE
PROPERTIES OF HVFAC
COMPARISION BETWEEN HVFA CONCRETE AND
CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE
APPLICATIONS
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
Introduction
Fly ash is a bi-product from coal based thermal power
plants.
The fly ash is now considered as a resource material rather
than a waste in civil engineering and material science.
Fly ash has potential to act as invaluable ingredient in
cement and concrete.
High Volume Fly-ash Concrete
High volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) technology was
developed by Malhotra and his colleagues at Canada
Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology(CANMET)
Canada, in the 1980s.
According to some researchers, more than 30% fly ash
by mass (equivalent as 50% by volume) of the
cementitious material may be considered enough to
classify the mixtures as High-Volume Fly Ash (HVFA)
concrete.
It is possible to produce sustainable, high performance
concrete mixtures with 50% or more cement
replacement by fly ash.
FLY-ASH
Properties Of Fly Ash And Cement
Properties Fly Ash Cement
Color Whitish Grey Grey
Specific Gravity 1.9-2.6 3.015
Bulk Density(gm/cc) 0.9-1.3 1.5
Fineness(m2/kg) 290-350 225
Particle Size(µm) 0.5-300 0.1-250
Properties Of HVFA Concrete
FRESH PROPERTIES
Workability and Fineness
Bleeding of Concrete
Setting Time
Heat of Hydration
HARDENED PROPERTIES
Drying Shrinkage
Creep Strains
Compressive Strength
Split Tensile Strength
Flexural Strength
Workability And Fineness
Addition of Fly ash increases workability when compared with conventional
concrete with the same water content.
The small size and the essentially spherical form of the particles comprising fly
ash usually influence the rheological properties of cementitious pastes, causing
a reduction in the amount of water required for a given degree of workability
from that required for an equivalent paste without fly ash.
For a constant workability, the reduction in the water demand of concrete due
to fly ash is usually between 5 and 15 % by comparison with a portland cement
only mix having the same cementitious material content.
Bleeding of Concrete
HVFAC is typically made with a very low water to cementitious materials
ratio. Hence, bleeding is usually reduced and is usually not a problem.
Setting Time
Because of low cement content in HCFAC and slow reaction of fly ash, the
setting time of concrete increases. Hence the setting time for the HVFA concrete
is higher than PCC by about 2 hrs.
Heat of Hydration
The pozzolanic reaction of the aluminosilicates in fly ash with the calcium
hydroxide liberated by the C3S and C2S components of portland cement takes
place more slowly reducing the heat of hydration.
Drying Shrinkage
The lower water cement ratio and low cement paste content in HVFAC reduces
the drying shrinkage. Studies reveal that the drying shrinkage in HVFAC is less
than that in conventional concrete.
Creep Strains
Since creep is influenced by compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity
of the concrete, higher creep strains were found in fly ash concrete at early age
loading when strength was low, however the rate of creep decreased at later ages.
The high-volume fly ash concrete appears to produce low creep strains compared
to those of normal concretes.
Compressive Strength
The studies show that the later-age strength development of fly ash concrete is
higher than that of normal OPC concrete resulting in an 18 percent increase in
compressive strength at 300 days.
Split Tensile Strength
Split Tensile Strength decreases with increase in amount of fly-ash.
Flexural Strength
Early age flexural strength of HVFAC reduces but there is increase at later
age. Addition fibers Improves the flexural strength.
Comparison Between HVFA And
Conventional Concrete
HVFA Concrete Conventional Concrete
Higher workability Comparatively low workability
Bleeding of HVFA concrete will be less More
Minimum corrosion risk due to lower Comparatively more
chloride permeability
Lower heat of hydration More heat of hydration
Compressive strength will be more Less
Cracking due to thermal shrinkage will be Cracking due to thermal shrinkage will
less due to lower heat of hydration. be more due to high heat of hydration.
Applications
With an optimum replacement level of 40% to 60% fly ash,
the concrete can be used in massive concrete structures to
reduce the heat of hydration and thermal cracking. If the
elements such as footings, walls, columns and beams do not
require early age strengths, then HVFAC can be used with a
minimum of 7 days curing.
Economical Construction material.
Pavement Construction.
It is used in high rise building, water related structures,
concrete road and roller compacted dams.
Applications Of HVFAC
Ghatghar hydro electric project, Maharashtra
Disadvantages Of HVFAC
Extended setting times
Slow development of strength
Low early age strength.
Delay in Construction.
Case Study
D. Jayalin, N. Vellingiri, S. Janaki Raman
This study focuses on the influence of the durable properties of Conventional
concrete and High-volume fly ash concrete. Fly ash is replaced in various
percentages as 0%,40%,50%,55% and 60% by the weight of ordinary Portland
cement in addition to that polypropylene fibre of 0.2% is added for improving the
strength and Durability of concrete.
Results and Discussion
Flexural Strength
Flexural strength of all mixes was determined at the age of 28 days. By addition
of fibre, the fibre acts as a bridge between cracks and reduces the formation of
cracks. This action of fibre bridging increases the flexural strength of concrete.
Mix Flexural Strength in N/mm2
M1 6.27
M2 6.4
M3 6.8
M4 6.92
M5 6.53
M6 5.73
Sulphate Resistance test
From table it can be noted that the sulfate resistance of concrete increased with
the addition of flyash and fibre.
Weight loss
Mix (%) Strength loss (%)
M1 0.2784 9.28
M2 0.2318 8.1667
M5 0.1159 5.9738
Chloride Resistance test
Chloride resistance of concrete was tested by immersion of concrete cubes in
0.5% Nacl solution after 28 days of curing. From table it can be noted that the
addition of fibre and flyash increases the resistivity of concrete towards
chloride attack.
Weight loss
Mix (%) Strength loss (%)
M1 0.2308 12.312
M2 0.1917 10.125
M5 0.0785 7.1399
Conclusion
High Volume Fly ash Concrete is more sustainable concrete compared to
conventional concrete as it reduces the usage of cement and also reduces
environment pollution.
HVFAC performs well at a later stage than at an early age.
Low water cement ratio and adequate curing are essential for strength
gain.
Long term permeability of HVFAC is very low.
HVFAC is effective in controlling temperature effects in mass concrete
applications.
HVFAC can be safely used in Concrete in Pavements for economic &
ecological benefits.
Fly ash contents of up to 50% may be suitable for most elements
provided the early-age strength requirements of the project can be met
and provided that adequate moist-curing can be ensured.
Reference
Dr. Seshadri Sekhar et.al “Studies on Relationship between Water/Binder
Ratio and Compressive Strength of High
Volume Fly Ash Concrete”,American Journal of Engineering Research
(AJER), 2013.
S. LOKESH et.al “Effective Utilization of High Volume Fly ash with Light
Weight Aggregate in Concrete for Construction Industry”, International
Journal of Advanced Structures and Geotechnical Engineering ISSN 2319-
5347, Vol. 02, No. 04, October 2013.
V Aggarwal, S Gupta, S Sachdeva (2012), 'High volume fly ash concrete: A
Green concrete',J. of Env. Res. And Dev., vol. 6, no. 3A.
Antiohos, S Papageorgiou, A Papadakis, Tsimas S (2008), 'Influence of
quicklime addition on the mechanical properties and hydration degree of
blended cements containing different fly ashes', Const. and Build. Mat. vol.
22, Issue no. 6, pp. 1191-1200
Bland, C. H. and Sharp, 1. H., "A Conduction Calorimetric Study of Gasifier
Slag-Portland Cement Blends", Cement Concrete Research, 1991, 21, pp 359-
367.
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