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Basic Setting Out in Construction

Setting out is the process of locating structural points like columns according to construction drawings. Errors should be avoided. A benchmark level is obtained as a reference point to start the setting out. Mistakes can occur if no benchmark is used. Setting out involves marking column centers, measuring distances, and using poles to mark positions. Angular setting out and connecting points with twine completes the setting out.

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Yeng Lugtu
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1K views21 pages

Basic Setting Out in Construction

Setting out is the process of locating structural points like columns according to construction drawings. Errors should be avoided. A benchmark level is obtained as a reference point to start the setting out. Mistakes can occur if no benchmark is used. Setting out involves marking column centers, measuring distances, and using poles to mark positions. Angular setting out and connecting points with twine completes the setting out.

Uploaded by

Yeng Lugtu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC SETTING OUT IN

CONSTRUCTION
BASIC SETTING OUT IN CONSTRUCTION

• Setting out” is the process of locating points for


columns, site boundary level, pile position and other
necessary structural parts according to the
construction drawing. Errors should be avoided because
the whole structure will be build based on the
respective setting out. A setting out should be made to
full fill the requirements such as length, angle and
level.
Steps for the simple setting out for a building

• A temporary bench mark or level


should be obtained to start the
setting out for the whole building.
A specific height from a near land or
from the road level can be obtained
as the reference level point for a
setting out. This level point will
conduct all over the building
boundary area or 1m away from the
building boundary level.
Reason – The excavation work should
be done as shown in the engineering Leveling with water Tube , surveying , setting out
drawing.
Building without Bench mark level &
Building with Bench mark level
• Mistake that can be achieved
if a benchmark level
shouldn’t be done on a
building setting out is clearly
shown in the following
picture.
1. Building constructed with bench mark setting out
2. Building constructed without bench mark setting out
3. According to the engineering drawing given, mark the
centre point of a corner column.
4. Measure the correct distance of column centre from
boundary wall as given in the drawing.
5. Use a pole or peg to pin it on the cement mortar available
on the ground.
Pole (Represent the column center) Specific
distance from boundary

• From this point, can


continue the setting out
related to the given
drawing
Setting out 3 4 5 method

• Take angular setting out – Right


angles setting out to mark the next
columns on a straight line. (Use the
Pythagoras theorem)
• Finally, after the completion of
setting out for the whole building,
use a twine to connect the centre
lines of all columns. (Use the bench
mark reference height to connect all
of them).
Setting out Pole
Setting out for basic Surveying
STEPS IN CONSTRUCTING RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

• Construction of residential building required following paper work


before the start of actual construction. These steps are;
1. Preparation of drawings as per requirements of consumers.
2. Estimation of material cost, labor cost & contingencies.
3. Approval of drawings & estimates from Client.
4. Approval of drawings from City Development Authority. It is most
important because residential building drawings should meet the
authority defined rules.
STEPS IN CONSTRUCTING RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

5. Start of construction work either through contractor or labor hired on daily


basis.
6. Marking of plot boundaries.
7. Cleaning of plot.
8. Preparation of site layout as per drawing.
After the completion of documentation work,
the actual construction on plot begins
• EARTH WORK
Generally excavation is carried out for the
construction of wall foundations. Excavation
should be carried out as per the drawings
defined lengths & widths. After excavation,
layout the foundation and backfill the remaining
excavated area around foundation with soil.
Floor levels of residential buildings are higher
than the natural ground level. Fill the area with
soil up to floor levels and compact the soil. Now
earth work of residential building is finished
CONCRETE WORK IN FOUNDATION
• It is very necessary to check the levels of
foundation before concrete work. There are
patches where excavated depth slightly exceeds
and vice versa. Level the foundation base to same
level. Now pour the concrete as per drawing specs.
Generally concrete of ratio 1:4:8 is used for
foundation. Sometimes it is even 1:5:10 or 1:6:20.
• Here 1:4:8 means;
• 1 part cement per cubic
• 4 parts of sand per cubic
• 8 parts of coarse aggregates
• Depth of foundation varies from 9” to 18” and
normally for most of the cases it is considered as
12’’ depth. Keep foundation width equals to its dep
DAMP PROOF COARSE (D.P.C)

• To protect walls from


moisture, a layer of damp
proof coarse material is laid
down at floor level. Thickness
of this concrete layer is 0f 1
inch. Material of damp proof
coarse layer consists of
concrete ratio 1:1.5:3 with a
mixture of water proof
material 1kg/bag
MASONRY WORK

• Masonry work is carried out with cement


mortar. Cement mortar is a mixture of
cement & sand. Ratio of cement mortar
varies from 1:4 to 1:6. Here (1:6) mean, 1
part cement and 6 parts of sand. Dampen
about 25 bricks with a hose pipe and clean
away all loose dirt from the top of footing
and moisten about a meter of surface at
one end of the foundation with the hose
pipe. Throw a mortar line just behind the
threaded level line and lay bricks on the
mortar bed. Make sure bricks exactly
follow the threaded horizontal level line.
LINTEL

• Masonry work of buildings is


carried out in one go till roof.
Openings for windows & doors
are left during masonry works.
Reinforced cement concrete
beams are laid down on the
top of openings. So, those
loads of structure above
openings not directly come on
to the door frames.
ROOFING

• Roof slab of building is


poured after completion of
masonry works. Now a days,
roofing is of reinforced
cement concrete slab. Slab
thickness & reinforcement
details should be according to
approved drawings.
PLASTERING & POINTING

• Form work is removed after 14 days of


slab pouring. Now plaster work begins.
Mortar for plaster work is generally of
1:3 or 1:4 is used. Thickness of plaster
layer should not be more than 0.75inch.
Cure the surface about 7 days. So that,
plaster gain proper strength.
• Generally, internal walls of buildings
are covered with plastered layer and
external walls with pointing. It is better
plaster the external walls rather than
pointing.
DOORS & WINDOWS

• Traditionally, doors and windows


of woods are used. But, steel &
aluminum is also not a bad choice.
In case of wooden doors &
windows, frames are fixed in walls
during masonry work. Panels are
then fixed with hinges after
plaster work. Steel and aluminum
doors are fixed after completion
of paint work
SERVICES

Services are very important for every


single house. Different types of services
are provided during construction. These
are Electricity supply, gas supply, water
supply, sanitary etc. Conduits for electric
supply are fixed in walls before
plastering. Similarly water supply and
sanitary lines are also laid before pouring
of building floor. Note that gas lines are
not fixed in walls or slabs. Gas line
remains open in air
THE END
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING

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