Conditional Statements

Implementi ng
Control-Flow Logic in C#
SoftUni Team
Technical Trainers
Software University
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Table of Contents
1. Comparison and Logical Operators
2. The if Statement
3. The if-else Statement
4. Nested if Statements
5. The switch-case Statement

2
 Comparison and
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Operator Notation in C# Applicable for
Equals == strings / numbers /
Not Equals != dates / most objects
Greater Than >
Greater Than or Equals >= numbers / dates /
Less Than < comparable objects
Less Than or Equals <=

 Example:
bool result = (5 <= 6);
Console.WriteLine(result); // True
4
Logical Operators
Operator Notation in C# Example
Logical NOT ! !false  true
Logical AND && true && true  true
Logical OR || true || false  true
Logical Exclusive OR (XOR) ^ true ^ false  true

 De Morgan laws
 !!A  A
 !(A || B)  !A && !B
 !(A && B)  !A || !B
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 if and if-else
Implementi ng Conditional Logic
The if Statement
 The simplest conditional statement
 Enables you to test for a condition
 Branch to different blocks in the code depending on the result
 The simplest form of the if statement:

if (condition)
{
statements;
}

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Condition and Statement
 The condition can be:
 Boolean variable
 Boolean logical expression
 Comparison expression

 The condition cannot be integer variable (like in C / C++)

 The statement can be:
 Single statement ending with a semicolon
 Block enclosed in curly braces
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How It Works?
 The condition is evaluated
 If it is true, the statement is executed
 If it is false, the statement is skipped

false
condition

true
statements

9
The if Statement – Example
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter two numbers.");

int biggerNum = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

int smallerNum = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

if (smallerNum > biggerNum)

{
biggerNum = smallerNum;
}

Console.WriteLine("The greater number is: {0}", biggerNum);

}
10
The if Statement
Live Demo
The if-else Statement
 More complex and useful conditional statement
 Executes one branch if the condition is true, and another if it is false
 The simplest form of an if-else statement:
if (expression)
{
some_statement;
}
else
{
another_statement;
}
12
How It Works?
 The condition is evaluated
 If it is true, the first statement is executed
 If it is false, the second statement is executed

false second
condition
statement
true
first
statement

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if-else Statement – Example
 Checking a number if it is odd or even
string s = Console.ReadLine();
int number = int.Parse(s);

if (number % 2 == 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("This number is even.");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("This number is odd.");
}
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The if-else Statement
Live Demo
Nested if Statements
Creati ng More Complex Logic
Nested if Statements
 if and if-else statements can be nested
 Used inside one inside another
 Each else corresponds to its closest preceding if
if (expression)
{
if (expression)
some_statement;
else
another_statement;
}
else
third_statement;
17
Nested if – Good Practices
 Always use { … } blocks to avoid ambiguity
 Even when a single statement follows

 Avoid using more than three levels of nested if statements

 Put the case you normally expect to process first
 Then write the unusual cases

 Arrange the code to make it more readable

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Nested if Statements – Example
if (first == second)
{
Console.WriteLine("These two numbers are equal.");
}
else
{
if (first > second)
{
Console.WriteLine("The first number is bigger.");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("The second is bigger.");
}
}
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 Nested if
Statements
Live Demo
Multiple if-else-if-else-…
 We may need to use another if-construction in the else block
 Thus else if can be used:

int ch = 'X';
if (ch == 'A' || ch == 'a')
{
Console.WriteLine("Vowel [ei]");
}
else if (ch == 'E' || ch == 'e')
{
Console.WriteLine("Vowel [i:]");
}
else if …
else …
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Multiple if-else Statements
Live Demo
 switch-case
Performing Several Comparisons at Once
The switch-case Statement
 Selects for execution a statement from a list depending on the
value of the switch expression
switch (day)
{
case 1: Console.WriteLine("Monday"); break;
case 2: Console.WriteLine("Tuesday"); break;
case 3: Console.WriteLine("Wednesday"); break;
case 4: Console.WriteLine("Thursday"); break;
case 5: Console.WriteLine("Friday"); break;
case 6: Console.WriteLine("Saturday"); break;
case 7: Console.WriteLine("Sunday"); break;
default: Console.WriteLine("Error!"); break;
}
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How switch-case Works?
1. The expression is evaluated
2. When one of the constants specified in a case label is equal to
the expression
 The statement that corresponds to that case is executed
3. If no case is equal to the expression
 If there is default case, it is executed
 Otherwise the control is transferred to the end point of the
switch statement
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The switch-case Statement
Live Demo
Using switch: Rules
 Variable types like string, enum and integral types can be used
for switch expression
 The value null is permitted as a case label constant
 The keyword break exits the switch statement
 "No fall through" rule
 You are obligated to use break after each case

 Multiple labels that correspond to the same statement are

permitted
27
Multiple Labels – Example
 Multiple labels allow matching several cases and executing the same
statement in more than one case
switch (animal)
{
case "dog":
Console.WriteLine("MAMMAL");
break;
case "crocodile":
case "tortoise":
case "snake":
Console.WriteLine("REPTILE");
break;
default:
Console.WriteLine("I don't know such animal!");
break;
}
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Multiple Labels in
a switch-case
Live Demo
Using switch – Good Practices
 There must be a separate case for every normal situation
 Put the normal case first
 Put the most frequently executed cases first and the least
frequently executed last
 Order cases alphabetically or numerically
 In default use case that cannot be reached under normal
circumstances

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Summary
 Comparison and logical operators are used to compose logical
conditions
 The conditional statements if and if-else
conditionally execution of blocks of code
 Constantly used in computer programming
 Conditional statements can be nested

 The switch statement easily and elegantly checks an

expression for a sequence of values

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Conditional Statements

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License
 This course (slides, examples, demos, videos, homework, etc.)
is licensed under the "Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International" license

 Attribution: this work may contain portions from

 "Fundamentals of Computer Programming with C#" book by Svetlin Nakov & Co. under CC-BY-SA license
 "C# Part I" course by Telerik Academy under CC-BY-NC-SA license

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