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COMPRESSOR

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Cleng Laynes
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62 views18 pages

COMPRESSOR

Uploaded by

Cleng Laynes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPRESSOR

Compressor
 isthe mechanical equipment which is used to increase the
pressure of the air by reducing its volume.
 They are somehow similar to the pumps both increase the
pressure and both transport the fluid through their pipes.
Compressor types on the basis of its
displacement
Positive Displacement
 The compressors which compresses the air by the displacement
of a mechanical linkage reducing the volume.
Reciprocating Compressor
These compressors use the piston driven by the crankshaft. They
can be either stationary or portable. It can be single staged or
multistage and can be driven by the electric motors or internal
combustion engines as well. They are made for intermittent duty.
Types Of Reciprocating Compressor:
 Single Acting Compressor: Compressor which compresses the air
in one direction only having single piston
 Double Acting Compressor: It also has just one cylinder but is
pipe up such way that its capable of taking in discharging fluids
from both ends and hence increases the efficiency
 Multistage Compressors: Multistage compressor is simply the
compression of the fluid in two or more cylinders instead of one
cylinder.
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Reciprocating Compressors
 Advantage:
• Suitable for high pressure ratios
• Easy maintenance
• Easy to operate
• Relatively cheap
 Disadvantage:
• Multiple Machines are required
• Maintenance prone
• Sounds too much
• High outlet temperature of compressed air
Cooling Methods
Heat dissipation is happened with the help of fins over the cylinder. Air
blows across the fins and hence decreasing the effect of heat during pistons
movement is created

Efficiency
• Reciprocating compressor with double or more acting piston is very
efficient
• These compressors are more efficient when not running at full load
while running on full load screw compressors are more suitable.
Rotary Compressors
These compressors does not have any reciprocating motion in fact it has
rotating motion with screws, scrolls, and vanes rotating along side a shaft

3 TYPES OF ROTARY COMPRESSORS:


(1):Screw compressors
A type of gas compressor that uses a rotary type positive displacement. They are used in place
of piston comp where large volume of air compression is needed and without intermittence. It
has a pair of helical rotors where it traps air, as the rotor rotates in the cylinder. The male rotor
and female rotor are being built inside the cylinder for compression. They are generally used in
large industrial areas.
 Applications
• They are used for larger industrial units
• Where continuous supply is required
• They are commonly seen at construction sites and with road repair crew throughout the world
Screw Compressors
(2): Scroll/Spiral Compressor
 A scroll compressor has one fixed scroll which remains stationary all the time with
another orbiting scroll which rotates through the use of swing link. When this
happens, the pockets of the air are pushed slowly to the center of scrolls due to the
movement of the rotating scroll causing the reduction of the volume and hence
increase in the pressure.
(3): Vane Compressor
 Rotary vane compressor consists of a rotor with a number of blades inserted in radial slots in the rotor.
As the rotor turns, blades slide in and out of the slots keeping contact with the outer wall of the housing.
Thus, a series of increasing and decreasing volumes is created by the rotating blades. They can be either
stationary or portable , can be single staged or multistage driven by electric motors or I.C engines.
Dynamic Compressors
 Compression is carried out by a rotating element which is imparting
velocity to the flowing air or gas and hence developed desired
pressure, and compression is achieved by the dynamic action of
rotor.

Two major types of dynamic compressors


– Centrifugal Compressors
– Axial compressors
(1)Centrifugal Compressors
 They use a rotating disk or impeller in a shaped housing
to force the gas to the rim of the impeller, increasing the
velocity. A diffuser or divergent duct converts the
velocity energy to pressure energy.
Application:
Used in stationary service in industries such as oil
refineries, chemical and natural gas processing plants, small
gas turbine engines also can be used in I.C engines as
supercharger and turbocharger
Pressure:
Their application can be from 100 horsepower(75 kw) to
thousands of horsepower with multiple staging, they can
achieve high output pressures greater than 10,000 psi
(2) Axial Flow Compressors
Axial Flow Compressors Axial flow compressors are
dynamic compression that use arrays of fan like
airfoils to progressively compress a fluid. They are
used where high flow rates or a compact designs are
required.
The arrays of airfoils are set in rows, usually as pairs:
one rotating and one stationary. These rotating
airfoils are known as blades transport and compress
the fluid
These compressors can have high efficiency of up to
90%
 Three main types of air compressors that use
positive displacement:
1.ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSOR 2.ROTARY VANE COMPRESSOR
3. Reciprocating/Piston Type
 two types of piston compressors:
SINGLE STAGE TWO STAGE
Two main types of air compressors that
use dynamic displacement:
1. AXIAL COMPRESSOR 2. CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR

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