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MATHEMATICS

This document contains notes from a mathematics chapter on sets. It includes: 1) An introduction that defines what a set is and notes that set theory was developed in the late 19th century by Georg Cantor and has had profound influence on mathematics. 2) Sections on sets that define elements, notations for sets, operations like intersection, the empty set, equality of sets, subsets, the universal set, and complements. 3) Examples of representing sets using descriptions, notations, and Venn diagrams, as well as operations like finding the intersection of two or more sets.

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Naveeshvaran Nagulan
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95 views11 pages

MATHEMATICS

This document contains notes from a mathematics chapter on sets. It includes: 1) An introduction that defines what a set is and notes that set theory was developed in the late 19th century by Georg Cantor and has had profound influence on mathematics. 2) Sections on sets that define elements, notations for sets, operations like intersection, the empty set, equality of sets, subsets, the universal set, and complements. 3) Examples of representing sets using descriptions, notations, and Venn diagrams, as well as operations like finding the intersection of two or more sets.

Uploaded by

Naveeshvaran Nagulan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATHEMATICS

CHAPTER : 3
SETS
 STUDENTS NAME : DHAYALAN
NAVEESHVARAN A/L NAGULAN
SYEID SOFIAN
KANNET
 CLASS : 4 SAINS
 GROUP NUMBER : 7
 TEACHER : VELA KUMARAN
INTRODUCTION
A Russian mathematician, Georg Cantor (1845-
1918) found the set theory. Unlike other theries
of mathematics which evolved over a period of
many years, set theory developed with surprising
suddenness in the late nineteenth century. Until
today set theory has profound influence on
mathematics.
Chapter 3 : SETS

3.1) Sets

3.2)Subset, Universal Set and


Complement of a Set

3.3) Operatoins on Sets


3.1: Set
3.1.1 Set I
 Set is a collection or group of objects with certain characteristics. The objective are
known as elements.
 A set can be represented by:
 a description
e.g : P is a set of colour of the rainbow.
Q is a set numbers of perfect squares which are
less than 25.
 a set notation
e.g : P = (red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,purple)
Q = (1,4,9,16)
 a Venn diagram
P Q
Red orange green 1 4 9
blue indigo yellow 16
3.1.2 Sets II
 The symbol € is used show an element of a certain set.
 The symbol n(A) denotes the number of element in set A.
e.g : IFP = (2,4,6,8) , then n(P) = 4
 An empty set is a which dosen’t have any elements. It’s represented by the symbol
( ) or 0
e.g : If Q = (triangle with 4 equal slides), than N = ( ) or N = 0.
 Two sets, X and Y are equal of all the elements of set X are elements of set Y and
vice versa.
e.g : If X = ( letters in the word LOVE )
Y = ( letters in the word EVOLVE )
then X = ( L,O,V,E)
then Y = (E,V,O,L)
 X and Y have the same elements. Theresome, X=Y
3.2: Subject,Universal Set and
Compliment of a Set
 Set A is asubject of B if all the element of set A are
found in set B. It is written as A € B. the symbol “€”
represents subject.
e.g : Given G = (2,3,5,7), H = (2,5), K = (3,7) and L =
(2,5,8).
Complete the following using the symbol € or €
a) H € G b) L € G c) K € G
 Universal set is a set with all the element under
discussion.
 The complement of a set P is a set that has all the
elements in universal set but not in P. it is written of P’.
Ç = (1,2,4,6,8,10)
1) Refering to the Venn diagram below list all the element for each of the
following sets and shaded the region for P’. P = (2,4,6,8)
P’ = (1,10)
P
4
6 2
8

1 10

(a)Ç (b) P (c) P’

1) List all the elements for each of the following sets. a) Ç = (a,e,i,o,u,b,c,
f,k)
W X b) W = (a,e,i,o,u)
a b c) X = (i,u,b,c)
i d) W = (b,c,f,k)
o u c e) X’ = (a,e,o,f,d)
e
K F
(a)Ç (b) W (c) X (d)W’ (d)X’
3.3: Operations on Sets
 Intersection on two sets and three set symbol : O
e.g
1. Given € = (a,b,c,d,e,f)
P = (a,e)
Q = (a,c,d,e)
Determine PnQ. Shaded the region PnQ using the Venn diagram.

Solution:
1. PoQ = (a,e)

b P Q PnQ
a c
e f
d
e.g :
2. Given € = ( x : 1 < x < 10 )
P = ( odd number s )
Q = ( multiples of 3 )
R = ( factors of 6 )
Determine P n Q n R. Then shadedregion P n Q n R using Venn diagram.

Solution :

€ = (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) P R
P = (3.5.7.9) 7 2
Q = (3,6,9) 3 P n Q n R = (3)
R = (2,3,6) 5 6
9

Q
THE END

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