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Week 2 Cloud Computing Lecture 3

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42 views15 pages

Week 2 Cloud Computing Lecture 3

Uploaded by

sanwal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cloud computing

LECTURE 3
Cloud Computing Characteristics

So what are its characteristics?


• Described as: On-demand computing, pay as you go, software as a service, utility
computing
• Usually costs, but cost-effective
• Virtualization
• Scalable (expand on current hardware)
• Elastic (dynamically add hardware as needed)
• Distributed and highly parallel approach
• Emphasizes availability
• Replication, replication, replication …
Virtualization

 What is virtualization? Read:  KVM paper


 Software implementation of a computer that executes programs like a
physical machine
 Installation of one machine runs on another
 All software runs on a server within virtual machine
 AMD-Virtualization and Intel Virtualization Technologies (IVT)
extensions made it possible
 Why is it useful?
 Abstracts hardware so software stacks can be deployed without tied to
specific physical server
Virtualization

 Can
 Share computer among multiple users
 Run applications and different operating systems on same machine
 Isolate users from each other and control program
 Emulate software and/or hardware for the guest os
 Full virtualization
 First appeared in 1967 with IBM CP-40 system
 Complete installation of one machine runs on another
 emulate entire system
Virtualization

 Virtual Machine VM
 isolated guest OS installation within a normal host OS
 Runs on top of the OS of the server machine
 Object of deployment
 Virtual Machine Image –
 Static data containing software (OS, apps, data files) the VM will run once started
 Used to create VM instance
 Typically stored on disk
 Virtual Machine Instance –
 Running virtual machine
 Started from image, runs OS and processes, computes, etc.
 dynamic object you can interact with

Virtualization

• Hypervisor – Virtual Machine Manager VMM


 One level higher than supervisory program
 Installed directly on server hardware or run within an OS
• Easily create copies of existing environments
 Can exist on same servers or different machines
 Single server multiple OS instances, minimize CPU idle time
App App App

App App App OS OS OS

Operating System Hypervisor

Hardware Hardware
Traditional Stack Virtualized Stack
Virtualization

 Application needs a VM on which to run in a cloud


 Application will be associated with that VM
 Entire user interface resides in single window
 Provide all facilities of OS inside a browser
 Program must continue running even as number of users grows
 Communication model is many-to-many
Virtualization

 Virtual Appliance – pre-configured virtual machine that includes software partially or


fully configured to perform a specific task
 Built to host a single application
 VMs are deployed – copy image from Appliance Library to machine (hypervisor) with
specific Virtual Appliance configuration
Paravirtualization

 Full virtualization may not be efficient


 Paravirtualization instead
 Doesn’t emulate entire system like in full (e.g. BIOS, drive)
 uses resources efficiently
 OS adjusted to work in virtual machine
 Better performance, only emulate some elements
Full vs para?

 Seems like full virtualization is still dominant


 If guest OS is same as host OS, can share the kernel
 Windows runs unmodified as a guest OS, but paravirtualization open-source drivers are
being developed
Amazon

 Amazon Machine Images (AMI) use 2 types of virtualization:


 Paravirtual PV
 PV guests can run on host hardware that does not have explicit support for virtualization.
 Can’t take advantage of special hardware extensions such as enhanced networking or GPU
processing
 Hardware Virtual Machine HVM
 Presents vm with fully virtualized set of hardware
 No modification of the guest operating system
 Guest os runs as if it were on the bare-metal hardware
Amazon

 Only Linux AMIs can us PV


 Used to have better performance than HVM but no longer true
 Linux and Windows AMIs can use HVM
 Same as if OS run on a bare metal machine
 Take advantage of hardware extension to provide fast access to underlying
hardware on host
Amazon

 Micro instance doesn’t imply more paravirtualization


Cloud Computing Characteristics

 So what are its characteristics?


• Described as: On-demand computing, pay as you go, software as a service, utility computing
• Usually costs, but cost-effective
• Virtualization
• Scalable (expand on current hardware)
• Elastic (dynamically add hardware as needed)
• Distributed and highly parallel approach
• Emphasizes availability
• Replication, replication, replication …
Scalable

 Use what you need


 Hardware, platform (OS), software
 Cloud computing is not one-size-fits-all
 Company has a temporary surge in business, use cloud instead of invest in new computing
equipment

(because of virtualization)

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