Pleurobrachia & Cydippid Larva

z Pleurobrachia
& Cydippid
Larva
z Pleurobrachia
Characteristics
Comb jelly,Sea walnut or Sea gooseberry

Marine(Atlantic,Pacafic & West Pacafic Coasts
Inhabiting the surface of seas
Short lived life span
Aggressive Predators (Copepods)
Is a microphagous carnivore
Reproduce Sexually & Asexually
Predators-Large jellies
Structure
z
 Biradially symmetrical, Transparent & Gelatinous
 Pear Shaped Body
 Presence of Cilia-Swimming(largest species)
 Body conposed of 99% of water
 8 rows of comb plates
 Catch prey-Tentacles(Adhesive Cells)
 Aboral poles & Oral poles

z
 Costae/Comb-ribs/Comb-rows : Meridional rows of ciliary bands
 Ctenes/Combs/Paddle plates : Series of paddle like transverse

ciliary plates [cilia are fused
basally but free distally]
 Comb plates : Locomotor structures and it helps in swimming
 Tentacle sheath : Deep pouches near the aboral pole
 Tentacle : Long,muscular and extensile structure emerging from

tentacle sheath [plays an active role in food capture and ingestion]
 Collocytes/Lasso cells : Specialised adhesive epidermal cells

z
Histology
 Diploblastic body wall [epidermis,endodermis & mesogloea]
 Epidermis is a bilayered epithelium
 Epidermis forms a lining of mouth,pharynx & tendacle sheaths

 Inner epidermal layer consist of myo-epithelial cells & nerve cells
 Outer layer consist of five kinds of cells :

 Cilliated cells [restricted to costae]
 Collocytes [restricted to tendacles & tentillae]
 Mucus secreting cells
 Sensory cells [wide spread]
 Interstitial cells
z
Histology & Musculature
 Endodermis lines the gastro-vascular canals
 Epidermal musculature- both circular & longitudinal
 Mesogloea contains connective tissue fibers [myocytes]
 Mesogloeal musculature- circular,longitudinal & radial
 Muscle fibers- seen in epidermis and mesoglea
 Muscle fibers are unstripped [differ from higher animals]
 Actin filaments anchor only to plasma membrane

z
Tentacles
 Tentacles are solid & muscular
 Formed of a central core of mesenchyme
 Mesenchyme : loose mass,composed of muscle

fibers,connective tissue cells & wandering amoeboid cells
 Tentillae/Pinnae : thread like lateral branches

z
Collocytes
 Specialised adhesive epidermal cells
 Differenciate from epidermal interstitial cells
 Has a hemispherical apical cap or “head”

 Outer margin produced into adhesive papillae
 Nuclear filament/stalk : stiff axial filament from base of cell [anchors

the collocyte in epidermis and mesogloea]
 Secretory granules are present on the surface of head

 Secrete an adhesive substance to entangle and kill small organisms
 Once used,gets damaged soon it will be replaced by new one

z
Gastro-vascular canals
 The entire group of canals run through mesoglea [jelly like]
 Initial part has ectodermal lining [mouth & stomodaeum]
 Remaining part has endodermal [gastrodermal]
 G.lining Composed of vacuolated nutritive cell,reproductive germ cell

& bioluminescent photocytes
 Stomodaeum/Pharynx:laterally compressed tube[leading from mouth]
 Stomodaeum joins with oesophagus which leads to

infundibulum/fennel
z
Aboral canal
 Leading out from the stomach are 3 main canals
 Median aboral canal
 pair of Transverse/pre radial canal
 Aboral canals divides into 4 braches called Anal canals

 Each canal has dilation-ampulla
 Seen around aboral sense organ
 Anal pore serve for ejestion of faecal matter

z
Transverse canal
 Leading out from the basal portion of 2 blinding canals are

Stomodaeal/Pharyngeal & tentacular canal
 The former runs towards the oral pole,parallel to the

stomodaeum & the latter runs to the tentacle sheaths
 Pre radical canal divides into 2 inter-radial canals.each of them

divides into 2 ad-radial canals which joints a meriodional canal
z
G.V canals
 Lining of G.V canals contains ciliated cells
 Secretory gland cells are numerous in pharyngeal canals
 Only mouth & pharyngeal canals have well developed musculature
 Significant feature of G.V system of Pleurobrachia is the bilaterally

symmetrical disposition of canals & the presence of 2 anal pores
 Digestion mostly occurs in the stomodaeum
 Products are circulated all over body by circulating fluid
 Undigested residue thrown out through anal pores

z
Aboral Sensory Receptor
 Located in the centre of aboral end In a shallow ciliated depression-

ciliated pith
 Similar to statocyst of coelenterates
 Statolith: spherical mass of calcareous particles
 Ciliary plate: shallow sensory plate of ciliated epidermis
 Cupule/bell: transparent case which encloses statolith & C.plate

[formed by fusion of cilia]
 Polar fields/polar plates: 2 ciliary bands extending from sensory floor

z
 Balancers : 4 tufts of long & fused cilia arising from ciliary

plates which project inward & protect the statolith
 Passing outward from each balancer is a ciliated groove
 Divide into 2 grooves
 Run along 2 corresponding comb-rows
 These are the pathways for transmission of nerve impulses

from apical receptor to the ctenes of comb-rows
z
 A.S receptor is concerned with the equilibration of the body
 Change in position upsets the equilibrium of the body
 Statolith excerts more pressure on balancer on the inclined side
 This stimulates the balancers and impulses-transmitted from it

to the corresponding comb-rows through ciliary grooves
 In response,cilia beat more vigorously and this helps to regain

the balance

z
Reproduction & development
 Sexual reproduction
 Most of them are hermaphrodites [ocyropsis & gonochoric]
 Gonads are endodermal structures [as in scyphozoa & anthozoa]
 Testes develop on the outside & ovaries on the other side
 Ripe gametes pass out to the canals from the gonads reach the
stomach and finally pass to the outside through mouth
 Fertilization and development takes place in the open sea water

z
 Egg is telolecithal & cleavage is meroblastic,unequal & determinate

[mosaic]
 Cleavage results in a solid blastula
 gradually transforms to a gastrula by epiboly[over growth of cells]

& emboly or invagination [pushing of cells]
 Embryo undergoes further development & then comes out of the

egg & swims freely
 The free swimming embryo straight away develops to a mature

adult [pleurobrachia,horniphora,…]
z
Cydippid larve
 In complex ctenophores embryo transforms to a planktonic

juvenile
 Some cases, cydippid develops to an adult which attains

sexual maturity & starts sexual reproduction
 In other instances, cydippid precociously attains sexual

maturity….& then grows to adult- dissogeny or dissogony
 In dissogeny: mature cydippid stage & adult stage[sexually

mature stages]

Pleurobrachia & Cydippid Larva

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pleurobrachia & Cydippid Larva

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pleurobrachia & Cydippid Larva

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

z Pleurobrachia

Comb jelly,Sea walnut or Sea gooseberry

 Biradially symmetrical, Transparent & Gelatinous

 Pear Shaped Body

 Presence of Cilia-Swimming(largest species)

 Body conposed of 99% of water

 8 rows of comb plates

 Catch prey-Tentacles(Adhesive Cells)

 Aboral poles & Oral poles

 Costae/Comb-ribs/Comb-rows : Meridional rows of ciliary bands

 Ctenes/Combs/Paddle plates : Series of paddle like transverse

 Comb plates : Locomotor structures and it helps in swimming

 Tentacle sheath : Deep pouches near the aboral pole

 Tentacle : Long,muscular and extensile structure emerging from

 Collocytes/Lasso cells : Specialised adhesive epidermal cells

 Diploblastic body wall [epidermis,endodermis & mesogloea]

 Epidermis is a bilayered epithelium

 Epidermis forms a lining of mouth,pharynx & tendacle sheaths

 Outer layer consist of five kinds of cells :

 Collocytes [restricted to tendacles & tentillae]

 Mucus secreting cells

 Sensory cells [wide spread]

 Endodermis lines the gastro-vascular canals

 Epidermal musculature- both circular & longitudinal

 Mesogloea contains connective tissue fibers [myocytes]

 Mesogloeal musculature- circular,longitudinal & radial

 Muscle fibers- seen in epidermis and mesoglea

 Muscle fibers are unstripped [differ from higher animals]

 Actin filaments anchor only to plasma membrane

 Tentacles are solid & muscular

 Formed of a central core of mesenchyme

 Mesenchyme : loose mass,composed of muscle

 Tentillae/Pinnae : thread like lateral branches

 Specialised adhesive epidermal cells

 Differenciate from epidermal interstitial cells

 Has a hemispherical apical cap or “head”

 Nuclear filament/stalk : stiff axial filament from base of cell [anchors

 Secretory granules are present on the surface of head

 Once used,gets damaged soon it will be replaced by new one

 The entire group of canals run through mesoglea [jelly like]

 Initial part has ectodermal lining [mouth & stomodaeum]

 Remaining part has endodermal [gastrodermal]

 G.lining Composed of vacuolated nutritive cell,reproductive germ cell

 Stomodaeum/Pharynx:laterally compressed tube[leading from mouth]

 Stomodaeum joins with oesophagus which leads to

 pair of Transverse/pre radial canal

 Aboral canals divides into 4 braches called Anal canals

 Seen around aboral sense organ

 Anal pore serve for ejestion of faecal matter

 Leading out from the basal portion of 2 blinding canals are

 The former runs towards the oral pole,parallel to the

 Pre radical canal divides into 2 inter-radial canals.each of them

 Lining of G.V canals contains ciliated cells

 Secretory gland cells are numerous in pharyngeal canals

 Only mouth & pharyngeal canals have well developed musculature

 Significant feature of G.V system of Pleurobrachia is the bilaterally

 Digestion mostly occurs in the stomodaeum

 Products are circulated all over body by circulating fluid