presentation
topic : cyber crimes and
security
By ashwini awatare
Contents :-
• Introduction to cyber crimes
• History of cyber crimes
• Categories of cyber crimes
• Types
• Impact of cyber crimes
• Cyber security
• Cyber laws
• Prevention
• Conclusion
Introduction :-
The internet in India is growing rapidly. It has given rise to
new opportunities in every field we
can think of— be it entertainment, business, sports or
education.
There are two sides to a coin. Internet also has its
own disadvantages. One of the major
disadvantages is Cyber crime — illegal activity
committed on the internet.
What is cyber crime ?
• Using the Internet to commit a crime.
▫ Identity Theft
▫ Hacking
▫ Viruses
• Facilitation of traditional criminal activity
▫ Stalking
▫ Stealing information
▫ Child Pornography
Cyber Crimes :-
• Defining Cyber Crime :->
• It’s an unlawful act wherein the computer is either a tool
or a target or both.
• Cyber space is a virtual space that has become as
important as real space for business, politics, and
communities
History of Cyber Crime
• The first recorded cyber crime took place in the year 1820
• In 1820, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, a textile manufacturer
in France, produced the loom. This device allowed the
repetition of a series of steps in the weaving of special
fabrics. This resulted in a fear amongst Jacquard’s
- employees that their traditional employment and
livelihood were being threatened. They committed acts of
sabotage to discourage Jacquard from further use of the new
technology. This is the first recorded cyber crime!
History of cyber crimes :-
The first recorded cyber crime took place in 1820.
That is not surprising considenng the fact that the
abacus, which is thought to be the earliest from of
a computer, has been around since 3500 B.c.
In India, Japan and China, the era of modern
computer, however, began with the analytical
engine of Charles Babbage.
The first spam email took place in 1976 when it
was sent out over the AR PANT.
The first virus was installed on an Apple
computer in 1982 when a high school student,
Rich skrenta, developed the ElK Cloner.
Incident due to cyber crimes
Cybercrime Components
• Computers
• Cell Phones
• PDA’s
• Game Consoles
CATEGORIES OF CYBER
CRIME:
We can categorize cyber crime in two ways.
The computer as a target :- using a computer to attacks other
computer, e.g. Hacking, virus/worms attacks, Dos attack etc.
The computer as a weapon :- using a
computer to commit real world crime e.g. cyber terrorism,
credit card fraud and
pornography etc.
CATEGORIES OF CYBER
CRIME:
Cyber crimes can be basically divided into 3 major
categories:
1. Cyber crimes against persons.
2. Cyber crimes against property.
3. Cyber crimes against government.
FIRST CATEGORY
Cyber crimes against persons
Cyber harassment is a distinct Cyber crime.
Various kinds of harassment can and do occur in
cyberspace, or through the use of cyberspace.
Harassment can be sexual, racial, religious, or
other.
SECOND CATEGORY
Cyber crimes against property
These crimes include computer vandalism .
(Destruction of others’ property), Transmission
of harmful programs, Unauthorized trespassing
through cyber space, Unauthorized possession of
computer information.
THIRD CATEGORY
Cyber crimes against government
Cyber terrorism is one distinct kind of crime in this category.
The growth of Internet has shown that the medium of
Cyberspace is being used by
individuals and groups to threaten the
international governments as also to terrorize the citizens of a
country.
STATISTICS AND THEIR
IMPACTS
Types Of Cyber Crime
Modification of a conventional crime by using
computers.
Frequently Used Cyber Crimes.
Modification of a conventional
crime by using computers.
• Financial crimes
• Cyber pornography
• Sale of illegal articles
• Online gambling
• Intellectual Property crime
• Email spoofing
• Forgery
• Cyber Defamation
• Cyber stalking
Frequently Used Cyber
Crimes.
• Unauthorized access to computer systems or networks
• Theft of information contained in electronic form
• Email bombing
• Data diddling
• Salami attacks
• Denial of Service attack
• Virus / worm attacks
• Logic bombs
• Internet time thefts
• Web jacking
• Theft of computer system
• Physically damaging a computer system
Cyber Criminals
• Kids (age group 9-16 etc.)
• Organized hacktivists
• Disgruntled employees
• Professional hackers (corporate espionage)
Computer Security
Confidentiality
Only those authorized to view information.
Integrity
Information is correct and hasn’t been altered by
unauthorized users or software.
Availability
Data is accessible to authorized users.
Computer Security
Computer Security - Threats
Malware
Software that has a malicious purpose
Viruses
Trojan horse
Spyware
Computer Security - Threats
Intrusions
▫ Any attempt to gain unauthorized access to a
system
▫ Cracking
▫ Hacking
▫ Social Engineering
▫ War-driving
Computer Security - Threats
Computer Security - Terminology
People
▫ Hackers
White Hat – Good guys. Report
hacks/vulnerabilities to appropriate people.
Black Hat – Only interested in personal goals,
regardless of impact.
Gray Hat – Somewhere in between.
Computer Security - Terminology
Script Kiddies
▫ Someone that calls themselves a ‘hacker’ but really
isn’t.
Ethical Hacker
▫ Someone hired to hack a system to find
vulnerabilities and report on them.
▫ Also called a ‘sneaker’ .
Computer Security - Terminology
Security Devices
▫ Firewall
Barrier between network and the outside world.
▫ Proxy server
Sits between users and server. Two main functions
are to improve performance and filter requests.
▫ Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)
Monitors network traffic for suspicious activity.
Cyber Laws :-
• Law governing cyber space
• Cyber law encompasses laws relating to:
— Cyber Crimes
Electronic and Digital Signatures
— Intellectual Property
— Data Protection and Privacy
• Cyber crime: it refers to criminal
exploitation of the internet
• Electronic and Digital signatures : it refers to
mathematical scheme for demonstrating the
authenticity of digital message or documents
Intellectual property: it refers to legal concept
which refers to creations of the mind for which
exclusive rights are recognized.
Data protection and privacy: it refers to effective
legislation helps minimize monitoring by
governments , regulate surveillance by information
is properly protected.
NEED OF
CYBER LAW
Cybercriminals ÷
computer technology =
difficulties to apply the
law.
Not only real-world
crimes by using
computers..
PREVENTION
Disable and log off a specific user account to
prevent access.
Disable and log off a group of user accounts which
access a particular service that is being attacked.
Disable and dismount specific (network) devices,
for instance disk devices that are being swamped.
Disable specific applications, for example, an
e-mail system subjected to a SPAM attack.
Close down an entire system, and divert
processing to an alternative or backup service on
a secondary network.
conclusion
• Within the law enforcement agencies, a set of rules
must be developed to address the various categories of
computer crime.
• As such, investigators will know what and which
materials to search and seize, the
electronic evidence to recover, and the chain of custody
to maintain.
