Under

Martial
Law
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 What is Martial Law?
• Martial law is an extreme and rare measure used to
control society during war or periods of civil unrest or
chaos.
• Martial law is the imposition of military power over
designated regions on an emergency basis.
• Martial law is usually imposed on a temporary basis
when the civilian government or civilian authorities fail to
function effectively (e.g., maintaining order and security, or
providing essential services), when there are extensive riots
and protests, or when the disobedience of the law becomes
widespread. Fundamentally it is a requirement put on
civilian government when they fail to function correctly.

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Who is Ferdinand Marcos?

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 Proclamation No. 1081

Face with the severely critical condition of

the country and the rising power of Jose Ma.
Sison's Communist Party ,President
Ferdinand E. Marcos, availing himself of
Article VII, Section 10, paragraph 2 of the
Constitution, issued the entire country under
martial law. In accordance with this
proclamation, the President today rule by
decrees, general
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 The President's proclamation was met
with silence by the people and the pessimist's
fear of bloodbath did not materialize.
In accordance with the Proclamation 1081, President Marcos
issued General Order 2-A ordering the Secretary of
National Defense to arrest and detain persons who
committed "crimes and offenses in furtherance or on the
occasion of our incident to or in connection with the crimes
of insurrection and rebellion" as defined in the Revised
Penal Code, and those who, in one way or another,
committed and will commit crimes against society and the
government that are guilty of weakening the fabric of society
and of undermining the stability of the government.

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 Initial Measures

Land Reform Program

- In Presidential Decree No. 2, dated on Sep. 26, 1972,

Pres. Marcos proclaimed the entire Philippines as land
reform area.
-tenants are given 3 hectares of irrigated rice or corn
lands and 5 hectares if unirrigated.
- The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) was
created to expedite the transfer of land titles to the peasants.
- National Grains Authority was created under PD 4 on Sep.
26, 1972, which was intended to "effect the desired changes and
reform in the social, economic, and political structure of society.."
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 New Society
- On Sep. 27, 1972, PD No. 6 was issued prescribing the
rules and regulations regarding discipline in the
government .
- The decree spelled out the grounds for disciplinary action
against misdemeanors which, in the old society, were
ignored or passed over.
 
Curfew
- To minimize if not completely eradicate robbery and
other unlawful activities at night, Pres. Marcos set a curfew
from midnight to four in the morning. Later on, it was
changed from one to four in the morning.
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 The New Constitution
- The Constitutional Convention framed a
new constitution to replace that of 1935, met on
Sep. 25, 1972, and "voted unanimously" to
"continue deliberations on vital issues".

After which, Pres.

Marcos referred the new
charter to the Kapulungan
or General Assembly
numbering 26,000 all over
the country.

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To consider the provisions of the new charter,
three questions were submitted to the Kapulungan:

1.Do you approve of the Citizens Assembly as a way

of popular government to decide issues affecting
our people?
2.Do you approve of the new Constitution?
3.Do you want a plebiscite to be called to ratify the
new Constitution?

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 Distribution of Wealth
- President Marcos issued an order urging business,
corporations and companies to open their doors to the public
which is to say, ownership of the corporations and companies
should not be limited to the family circle and to a narrow
circle of friends, but should be dispersed to those who were
willing to become stockholders of such business firms.

Meralco, which changed ownership, was now owned not by a

few but by all Meralco customers.

With regard to lands beyond seven hectares owned by a

person, a decree provided for the distribution of land above
seven hectares to landless tenants, and those who owned
seven or less were required to till their lands personally.

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 Peace and Order
- The greatest threat to peace and order came not from
the NPA's activities, which were not massive in nature,
but from the so-called Moro National Liberation Front
(MNLF).
 
- Marcos initiated a truce movement in February
1975, by appealing to the members of the ASEAN and
to the Muslim countries to help force a ceasefire in
the affected areas of Mindanao and Sulu.
- During the truce period, however, the MNLF attacked
the Philippine Constabulary forces in Mindanao,
resulting in heavy casualties.
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- The Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP), the Moscow-
Oriented communist group, volunteered to cooperate with the
President. It was stipulated in a "Memorandum of Cooperation",
dated on October 1,1974, and signed by Feliciano Macapagal
secretary-general of the PKP.
 

- The campaign to have peace and order led to the capture of

Bernabe
Commander Dante ( Bernabe Buscayno), head the NPA, the arm of
Buscayno
Peking-oriented Sison Group of communists, and of Lt. Victor
Corpus, which has weakened the military arm of the Communist
Party of the Philippines.
Lt. Victor Corpus

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 Infrastructure
- The Bureau of Internal Revenue,
the biggest money maker of the
government, and the Bureau of
Customs, the second money maker were
placed in the hands of dedicated officials
who were willing to run after prominent
and influential tax payers.
 

-At the same time, President Marcos issued a decree

extending tax amnesty to those who, deliberately or
not, failed to pay the correct amount of money.
- Substantial parts of this huge collection were spent in
the construction of first-class infrastructure
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 The Shift in Foreign Policy
- The late statesman, parliamentarian, poet, and
nationalist, Claro M. Recto, described the Philippine foreign
policy since 1946 as "mendicant policy."
- Even at the risk of being called communistic or a
"fellow traveler," Recto, imbued with high ideals and possessed
of seer's insight, fought for the non-recognition of Ngo Dinh
Diem's South Vietnam, which Recto called a puppet of the
United States, made the plea that the Philippines live with their
neighbors, irrespective of ideology, as peacefully as
circumstances allowed, and suggested a non-aligned posture
in foreign affairs. A small country like the Philippines, he said,
should not take up the quarrels of the great nations.

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 President Marcos, grasping the significance of the
new realities in international politics, initiated the shift
in Philippine foreign policy when, on May 23,1975, he
delivered a foreign policy speech enumerating six
guidelines "to help the country survive the current security
crisis in Asia" arising from the American debacle in
Vietnam. The guidelines are:

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 In accordance with the guidelines,
Philippines established a diplomatic agreement
to the following socialist countries:

East Germany Hungary Czechoslovakia Bulgaria

Romania China Vietnam Jordan

Democratic Republic of Free Powerpoint Templates

Soviet Union Page 17
Kampuchea (Cambodia)
 In December 1973, the Philippines
ratified the long-pending Treaty of Amity,
Commerce and Navigation with Japan. The
establishment of diplomatic relations with the
socialist countries of Asia and Europe led not
only to progressive trade relations between
them and the Philippines but also to cultural
exchange programs.

The stand of the Philippines during the

negotiation with the United States in December
1976 that the latter should pay rent for the
right to use the bases, principally Clark Air
Base and Subic(Olangapo) Naval Base.

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 Labor and Human Welfare
Underemployment remained at 9.2 percent, of the total labor force.

Overseas Employment Development Board (OEDB)

Public Employment Office(PEO)

National Seamen Board(NSB)

National Manpower and Youth Council(NMYC)

Bureau of Apprenticeship(BA)

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 Effects of Employment Abroad
1. the lessening of the number of unemployed in
the country;

2. the projection of good image of the Filipino

laborers, technicians, and professional abroad,
and finally;

3. the increase of the government's income made

possible through foreign exchange remittances of
the workers and professionals working abroad.

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 Wages Increase of Laborers
P10.00/ P9.00/
day
day
within outside
Metro Metro
Manila Manila

Non-
Plantation
Plantation
workers
workers
P7.00/day P6.00/day

Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP)

– a restructuring agent of Templates
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 The Economy: Gains and Losses
Economic Growth Rate: Growth Rate:
Gain Gross Capital Agriculture
Formation

5.8 % 29.1 % 4.1 %

National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) estimated

that the country increased its GNP from P40,847M to
P43,203M.

The field per hectare planted to rice increased by 40-50

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 The Economy: Gains and Losses

The spiraling cost of oil imports and

the lowering of the prices of traditional
exports led to a trade deficit of P1.164 M.

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 GROUP ACTIVITY
“Three or more brains are better than one.”

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Directions:
1.Proceed to your group based on the group formed
in reporting and form your chairs into a circle.
2.Prepare only one ¼ sheet of paper for each group
and write the names of your corresponding group
members.
3.On the next slides, 21 questions will be given with
25 points in total.
4.The group should unite and cooperate to come up
with the final answer.
5.A 1-minute time limit will be given to each slide.
6.Right only the letter of your best answers and give
what is asked.

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 GO!13
2
5
4
READY!!!
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PASS!!
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ANSWERS

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