Airport Engineering
Air Transportation
• Improves accessibility to otherwise
inaccessible areas
• Provides continuous connectivity over land
and water (No change of equipment)
• Brings in relief during emergency conditions
• Saves productive time, spent in journey
• Increases the demand of specialized technical
skill workforce
• Adds to foreign reserve, through tourism etc.
Air Transportation
• Heavy funds are required, not only initially but
also during operations
• Operations are highly dependent on weather
conditions
• Requires highly sophisticated machinery
• Chances of outward flow of foreign exchange
• Safety provisions are not adequate
• Specific demarcation of flight paths and
territories is essential
Development of Air Transport
• 1903 – First successful flight by Wilbur and
Orville Wright, Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
• 1909 – French Pilot Louis Bleriot crossed the
English Channel to England
• 1911 – Post was carried by air in India from
Allahabad to Naini (Pilot – Henri Pequet)
• 1912 – Flight between Delhi and Karachi
• 1914 – Air Passenger Transport began in
Germany
Development of Air Transport
• 1918 – First International service between
France and Spain
• 1919 – London – Paris Flight
• 1930 – Round the world flight
• 1949 – World’s first jet airliner’s first flight
• 1954 – The Boeing 707 first flight
• 1969 – Concorde first flight
• 1969 – Boeing 747-100 flight
• 2005 – Airbus A 380 first flight
Introduction To Airport
What is meant by AIRPPORT?
• An airport is a facility where
passengers connect from
ground transportation to air
transportation.
Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta
International Airport
Airport History
• The world's first airport was built in 1928 at
Croydon near London (England). It was the
main airport for London till it was closed
down in 1959, after the World War II. It is now
open as a visitor centre for aviation.
Airline
• An organization that provides scheduled
flights for passengers or cargo.
AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES
• Air traffic services help in navigating aircraft while
landing, taking off, flying in the air, over-flying
any country, taxing on the ground and parking
• They provide a discipline in the air and also on the
ground and maintain safety
• The services are provided by using modern
equipment including radars
Air Transport Agencies
• International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
• Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
• International Air Transport Association (IATA)
• Civil Aviation Authority (CAA)
REGULATION AND POLICIES
The International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO).
The International Civil Aviation
Organization
• The International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO), an agency of the United Nations,
codifies the principles and techniques of
international air navigation and fosters the
planning and development of international air
transport to ensure safe and orderly
growth.
International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO’s)
Documents
Annexes Lists
Annex 1 Annex 2 Annex 3 Annex 4 Annex 5 Annex 6
Annex 7 Annex 8 Annex 9 Annex 10Annex 11Annex 12
Annex 13Annex 14 Annex 15 Annex 16Annex 17Annex 18
AERODROMES
Federal Aviation Authority (FAA)
• FAA is the national aviation authority
of the United States of America. It has
authority to regulate and oversee all
aspects of civil aviation in the U.S.
International Air Transport Association (IATA)
• IATA’s stated mission is to represent,
lead and serve the airline industry. All
the airline rules and regulations are
defined by IATA.
• The main aim is to provide safe and
secure transportation to its passengers.
Civil Aviation Authority (CAA)
• Pakistan’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) is
regulatory authority which oversees and
regulates all aspects of civil aviation in
Pakistan.
• All civilian airports in Pakistan are owned and
operated by the CAA.
• CAA is a member of the ICAO.
• CAA’s head office is situated in Terminal 1 of
Jinnah International Airport, Karachi.
What is Aerodrome?
Aerodrome
• A defined area on land or water (including any
buildings, installations and equipment)
intended to be used either wholly or in part
for the arrival, departure and surface
movement of aircraft.
Airports
International Airports
• An international airport has direct service to many other
airports.
• Handle scheduled commercial airlines both for
passengers and cargo.
• Such airports are usually larger, and often feature longer
runways and facilities to accommodate the large aircraft.
O’Hare International Airport –
Chicago, Illinois, United States
London Heathrow Airport –
United Kingdom
Beijing Capital International
Airport – China
Hong Kong International Airport – Chek Lap Kok,
Hong Kong
Domestic Airports
• A domestic airport is an airport which handles only
domestic flights or flights within the same country.
• Domestic airports don't have customs and immigration
facilities and are therefore incapable of handling flights
to or from a foreign airport.
• These airports normally have short runways which are
sufficient to handle short/medium aircraft.
Regional Airports
• A regional airport is an airport serving traffic within a
relatively small or lightly populated geographical area.
• A regional airport usually does not have customs and
immigration facilities to process traffic between
countries.
• Aircraft using these airports tend to be smaller business
jets or private aircraft (general aviation).
Regional Airports
Louisiana Regional Airport, US
Airport Ownerships
• Most of the world’s airports are owned by
government bodies who then lease the airport
to private corporations who oversee the
airport’s operation.
• For example, In Pakistan, airports are
authorized by Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).
• CAA is responsible to focus on the operations,
management and maintenance of Pakistan
airports.
How are Airports Managed?
• There are several divisions to manage each sub
organizations at an airport.
• These divisions including
• Airport operation services (security, fire & rescue
& maintenance)
• Airport planning and development (engineering)
• Airport financial (revenues, business)
• The primary objective of each division is to ensure
the operational efficiency, safety and security of
passengers, cargo and aircraft operations.
Airport Site Selection
(Specific Aspects)
• Air Traffic Potential
• Adequate Access
• Sufficient Airspace
• Sufficient Land
Factors affecting Site Selection
• Atmospheric and Meteorological conditions
• Availability of land for expansion
• Availability of Utilities
• Development of the surrounding area
• Economy of construction
• Ground accessibility
• Presence of other airports
• Regional Plan
• Soil Characteristics
• Surrounding obstructions
• Use of airport
Factors Controlling Airport Size
• Elevation of Airport Site above MSL
• Meteorological Conditions
• Performance Characteristics of
Airplanes
• Volume of Air Traffic
Layout/Components of Airport
• Terminal Building
• Runways
• Taxiways
• Hangars
• Air Traffic Control (ATC)
Control Tower, Guidance System, Lighting System
• Warm-up Pads/ Run-up Pads/ Holding Aprons
Airport Structure
Landside Services
• Facilities associated with the movement of
passengers and baggage away from aircraft areas.
• Airport facilities devoted to service passengers in
to and inside the terminal areas.
Examples : Terminal building , car parking and
ground access.
Airside Services
• Facilities associated with the movement of the
airplanes on the airports surface.
• All facilities considered beyond the passenger
security areas.
Examples: Runway, Taxiway , Maintenance Hangar
