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Normal Distribution

The document discusses the normal distribution and its key properties. The normal distribution is a continuous, symmetric bell-shaped curve. It is completely described by its mean and standard deviation. Approximately 68%, 95%, and 99% of the data lies within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations of the mean, respectively. The document also discusses skewed distributions and how to calculate the probability of an event given the z-score under the normal curve.

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84 views19 pages

Normal Distribution

The document discusses the normal distribution and its key properties. The normal distribution is a continuous, symmetric bell-shaped curve. It is completely described by its mean and standard deviation. Approximately 68%, 95%, and 99% of the data lies within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations of the mean, respectively. The document also discusses skewed distributions and how to calculate the probability of an event given the z-score under the normal curve.

Uploaded by

rei
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Normal Distribution

• The probabilities provided are measurement of


areas under the curve that graphically
represents certain distribution
• It measures the probability of committing a
certain type of error (concept of “level of
significance”) inherent in the hypothesis testing.
• It measures the magnitude of the rejection and
non-rejection regions and determines the
location of the value of a certain test statistic.
• Probability is a measure of how likely an event
will happen. In real life situations, when the
probability is 0, it means that the event is
impossible to happen, while a probability of 1
means that the event is absolutely or certainly
happen.
• Significance of probabilities provided in the
distribution
• The graph of a set of data can assume almost
any form or shape but it can described in two
ways
• 1. Normal Distribution
• 2. Non-normal or Skewed Distribution
a. Positively Skewed Distribution
b. Negatively Skewed Distribution
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
• Is a continuous, symmetric, bell-shaped distribution
of a variable. It measures of central tendency, that is
the mean, median and mode are identical

• The area under the normal curve that lies within one
standard deviation below and above the mean is
approximately 68.2%, while the area within two
standard deviations below and above the mean is
approximately 95.4%, and within three standard
deviations, 99.7%.
The shape and position of the normal distribution
curve is dependent on two parameters,

• the mean and standard deviation. The


following are three cases: Distributions with
the same means but different standard
deviations.
• Distributions with different means but same
standard deviations
• Distributions with different means and
different standard deviations
PROPERTIES OF THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

• The total area under the normal curve is equal to 1.


• The normal distribution is symmetrical about the mean.
• The three measures of central tendency are equal and are located
at the axis of symmetry.
• The tails of a normal curve are asymptotic relative to the horizontal
line
• The normal curve area may be divided into at least three standard
scores each to the left and the right tails appear to touch the
horizontal line.
• Along the horizontal line, the distance from one integral standard
score to the next standard score is measured by standard
deviations.
• The normal curve has some practical
applications involving probability statements.
Probability may deem in terms of proportion,
it is a ratio between a part of the whole. An
area given specific conditions may be regarded
as its probability.
• P = area under the normal curve over total
area under the normal curve
• SKEWED DISTRIBUTION
Skewed Distribution
• In a skewed distribution, the mean is pulled in the
direction of extreme scores.
• In a positive skewed, the mean is greater than the
median, and the median is greater than the mode.
The curved is pulled to the positive or right side of
the distribution.
• In a negatively skewed, the mean is less than the
median, and the median is less than the mode. The
curve is pulled to the negative or left side of the
distribution.
• SKEWNESS
• Is the measure of the shape of a distribution.
It reflects the lopsidedness of the data
distribution. The coefficient of skewness can
be measured by 3(mean  median)
SK 
sd
where the value of SK must fall between -3
and 3.
1. Find the area under the normal curve which lies
• a. between z = 0 and z = 0.72
• *To find the area under the normal curve between z=0
and z=.72, refer to the table of areas under the normal
curve. Look for 0.7 under the column heading named
z, then get the value opposite 0.7 under the column
heading of 0.02, the value is 0.2642. It means that
0.2642 or 26.42% of the total number of data falls
between the mean and the data within standard score
of 0.72.
• b. between z = -2.35 and z = 0
Answer: the area is .4906 or 49.06%
• After knowing how to find the area under the
normal curve given the z-scores, the next
thing to do is to learn how to convert raw
scores to standard scores (z scores) in order to
solve some statistical problems.

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