CE 697 URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM PLANNING

[M.TECH.(TEP) SEMESTER – I]

Dr. G.J.Joshi
Associate Professor & Section Head
Transportation Engineering & Planning
Department of Civil Engineering
S.V.N.I.T., Surat
INTRODUCTION
What is Transportation Engineering?

“Transportation Engineering is the application of

technological and scientific principles to the planning,
functional design, operation and management of facilities
for any mode of transportation in order to provide for the
safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical and
environmentally compatible movement of people and
goods.”

- The Institute of Transportation Engineers, USA (1987)

 What is System?

A system may be defined as the set of

components, activities and entities that is
organised meaningfully in such a manner
as to direct the action of system under
inputs towards specific goals and
objectives
 at is Transportation System?

A transportation system may be defined as consisting of

fixed facilities, the flow entities and the control system tha
th
permit people and goods to overcome the friction of
geographical space efficiently in order to participate in a tim
manner in some desired activity
System – Environment Ensemble
Urban Transportation Problem Symptoms
 Our transport problems…
 Growing number of vehicles
 Mixed haphazard traffic
 Declining quality of Public
Transport
 Declining importance of
Non-Motorized Vehicles
 High Level of Air Pollution,
stress levels
 Increase in Road Accidents
 Increased operation costs
of vehicles
 Urbanisation & Transport: Background

 Industrialisation: Whole mark of 20th Century

 Accelerated Urbanisation

 IT Wave in 21st century

 Impact on urban landscape: Transformations in Form & Structure

 Dynamics of Human Settlement System: Household Growth Rate

Predictions

 Intricacies of Transportation Planning in Metropolitan Cities:

Travel Demand Assessment

 National Urban Transport Policy (MoUD,2006)

 Institute of Urban Transport India

Roles of Transportation
• Economic
• Social & Cultural
• Military
• Political
Principle Divisions

• Urban Transportation
• Rural Transportation
Generic Functions of Transportation System

Accessibility
Movement Efficiency (Mobility)

• Place Utility
• Time Utility
• Quality Utility
ACCESS FROM VARIOUS
LAND USES
MOVEMENT EFFICIENCY
 What is Planning ?
Activity or process that examines the potential of future
actions to guide a situation or a system towards a desired
direction.

Aspects of Planning:

 For attainment of positive goals or avoidance of problems

 Concerned with future actions
 Implementation of actions as conceived and on schedule is
not guaranteed
 Time lag between actions taken and effects felt
 Scope of the Subject

 Urbanisation and its impact: Indian Context

 Transportation planning process
 Planning surveys
 Travel Demand Modeling
 Land Use Transportation Interaction Models
 Public Transportation Planning
The process of urbanisation involves tension between the
“centripetal” forces that tend to pull population into urban
agglomerations and the “centrifugal” forces that tend to
break up such agglomerations.
Paul Krugman, 1996
 Urbanisation
 Physical growth of rural land into an urban area or the
expansion of an urban area

 Census India definition:

 All statutory places with a municipality, corporation,
cantonment board or notified area committee, etc
 A place satisfying three conditions simultaneously
 A minimum population of 5000
 At least 75 per cent of male working population
engaged in non-agricultural pursuits
 A density of population of at least 400 persons per sq.
km.
 Objective

ECONOMIC
GROWTH

INDUSTRIALISATION

URBAN
TRANSPORTATION
INFRASTRUCTURE
URBANISATION

URBAN
HOUSING
INFRASTRUCTURE GROWTH IN
POPULATION DENSITY
VEHICULAR POPULATION
AREA OF CITY
HUMAN ACTIVITY

URBANISATION CYCLE: A CONTINUOUS PHENOMENON

 Urbanization in different countries
Country Urbanization (%)(2011)
United States 82
England 90
Japan 66
France 77
Germany 74
China 50
Singapore 100
Australia 67
India 30
Pakistan 36
Urbanization is a natural result of development of the country
 TREND OF URBANIZATION IN INDIA
Growth of urban areas in India
Class Population No. of UAs
1971 1981 1991 2001
1 Above 1,00,000 148 216 296 423
2 50,000 to 1,00,000 173 270 341 512
3 20,000 to 50,000 558 738 927 1372
4 10,000 to 20,000 827 1053 1135 1560
5 5,000 to 10,000 623 739 725 1071
6 Less than 5000 147 229 185 227

Total 2476 3245 3609 5165

Source: Census of India Reports

 Urbanisation Scenario
Parameter 1951 2001 2011

Population (million) 361 1027 1210

Urban Population 62.4 285 375

(million)
Metropolitan Cities 5 35 41

Metro Population 3.3% 10.5% 12.74%

(% of Total Population)
Metro Population 18.8% 37.8% 41.1%
(% of Urban Population)
Ave. Population / Metro 2.35 mill. 3.08 mill. 3.76 mill.
 TREND OF URBANIZATION IN INDIA

Population Growth Rate (% per annum) Urban-Rural

Year Growth Rate
Total Rural Urban
Difference

1951-1961 1.96 1.87 2.35 0.48

1961-1971 2.22 1.98 3.24 1.25
1971-1981 2.20 1.76 3.80 2.04
1981-1991 2.14 1.82 3.12 1.30
1991-2001 1.93 1.66 2.70 1.04
2001-2011 1.65 1.16 2.80 1.64
 Census 2011
Decadal population growth rate has declined to 17.64%

Population, 2011: 1.21 billion

Rural population growth rate 12.18%

Urban population growth rate 31.80%

Bihar: Highest decadal population growth rate: 23.90%

 Population Projections

2011 2021
Total Population 1210 1451
(Million)

Urban Population 419 538

(Million)
Urbanisation 33 % 37%
Metro - cities 41 51
 BASIC FEATURES OF URBANIZATION IN INDIA

 Urbanization is mainly a product of demographic explosion

and poverty induced rural - urban migration.
 Rapid urbanization leads to massive growth of slum followed
by poverty, unemployment, degradation in the quality of
urban life.
 Urbanization occurs not due to urban pull but due to rural
push.
 Poor quality of rural-urban migration leads to poor quality of
urbanization
 Distress migration initiates urban decay
 URBANISATION & TRANSPORT DEMAND

 Economic Growth – Industrialisation – Urban Growth – Transport

Demand Growth

 Urban Areas : Growth Engines: 55% to 85% share in GDP

 Rural – Urban Migration

 Average URGD (1951 – 2001) : 1.22 %

 Trip Rate increment: 2 – 2.5% p.a.

 Simultaneous densification and expansion in spatial dimension

 Changes in the socio economic characteristics of city households, land

use and travel pattern.
 Circa 2051

Towards Sustainable Development……………………….

…………….Later……………….