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Lesson 3 - Exponentials

The document contains examples of exponential growth and decay models. It includes questions about modeling population growth on Rabbit Island using an exponential growth equation P=Ae^bt. It also contains an example of modeling radiation decay after the Chernobyl accident using an exponential decay equation R=40+800e^-0.1t. The laws of logarithms are reviewed, including properties like ln(a)+ln(b)=ln(ab) and relationships between exponential and logarithmic functions. Further practice with exponential derivatives is assigned.

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35 views10 pages

Lesson 3 - Exponentials

The document contains examples of exponential growth and decay models. It includes questions about modeling population growth on Rabbit Island using an exponential growth equation P=Ae^bt. It also contains an example of modeling radiation decay after the Chernobyl accident using an exponential decay equation R=40+800e^-0.1t. The laws of logarithms are reviewed, including properties like ln(a)+ln(b)=ln(ab) and relationships between exponential and logarithmic functions. Further practice with exponential derivatives is assigned.

Uploaded by

iminathi ndlovu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Core 4

Differential Equations

Exponential Growth and Decay


2 Cracking Questions
More Logs
1. On Rabbit Island the rate of growth at a time (t) is proportional to the size of the population (P)

P  Ae
It can be modelled bt
by the equation:
a) If the population was initially 200 and after 10 months the
population has grown to 1000.
Find ‘A’ and ‘b’ (2dp) to give the particular solution of the equation
b) What would be the population after 2 years?
c) How long would it take the population to grow to 50000?
0.1t
2. The radiation level (R) at Chernobyl
is modelled by the equation: R  40  800e
t is the time (in months after the accident)

a) What was the radiation level immediately after the accident?


b) How long would it take for the radiation to be half this amount?
c) As ‘t  ’ what value does the radiation settle on?
[This represents background radiation]
Exponential Growth – example question
On Rabbit Island the rate of growth at a time (t) is proportional to the size of the population (P)

P  Ae
It can be modelled bt
by the equation:
a) If the population was initially 200 and after 10 months the
population has grown to 1000.
Find ‘A’ and ‘b’ (2dp) to give the particular solution of the equation

b) What would be the population after 2 years?

c) How long would it take the population to grow to 50000?


Exponential Growth – example question
On Rabbit Island the rate of growth at a time (t) is proportional to the size of the population (P)
It can be modelled
by the equation: P  Ae bt

a) If the population was initially 200 and after 10 months the


population has grown to 1000.
Find ‘A’ and ‘b’ (2dp) to give the particular solution of the equation

When t=0, P=200 When t=10, P=1000

200  Ae 0
1000  200e 10b
5  e10b
So, A = 200 ln 5  10b b = 0.16

P  200e 0.16t

b) What would be the population after 2 years?


c) How long would it take the population to grow to 50000?
Exponential Growth – example question
On Rabbit Island the rate of growth at a time (t) is proportional to the size of the population (P)
a) If the population was initially 200 and after 10 months the
population has grown to 1000.
It can be modelled
by the equation: P  200e 0.16t

b) What would be the population after 2 years?


2 years: t = 24 months
0.1624
P  200e  200e 3.84
 9305
c) How long would it take the population to grow to 50000?

50000  200e 0.16t


t = 34.5 months
250  e 0.16t
t = 2 years 10.5 months
ln 250  0.16t
Exponential Decay – example question
0.1t
The radiation level (R) at Chernobyl
is modelled by the equation: R  40  800e
t is the time (in months after the accident)

a) What was the radiation level immediately after the accident?

b) How long would it take for the radiation to be half this amount?

c) As ‘t  ’ what value does the radiation settle on?


[This represents background radiation]
Exponential Decay – example question
0.1t
The radiation level (R) at Chernobyl
is modelled by the equation: R  40  800e
t is the time (in months after the accident)

a) What was the radiation level immediately after the accident?


R  40  800e  40  800  840
0

b) How long would it take for the radiation to be half this amount?
0.1t 0.1t
840  2  420  40  800e 380  800e
0.475  e 0.1t
ln 0.475  0.1t t = 7.44 months
c) As ‘t  ’ what value does the radiation settle on?
[This represents background radiation]

As ‘t  ’ e 0.1t  0 R  40  800e 0.1t  40  0  40


The laws of logs
Laws of logs: Laws of logs:
 ln a + ln b = ln ab  ln a k = k ln a
Example: Example:
ln 2 + ln 8 =ln 16
ln 35 = 5 ln 3
 ln a - ln b = ln (a/b)
Example:
ln 42 – ln 6 = ln 7  a = ex
ln a = ln ex
ln a = x ln e = x
 eln a = a
Page 67 : E1-E2
a = eln a
x

5 =e
x ln 5
x
ax = e ln a
5x = ex ln 5 ax = ex ln a

5 =e
x 1.61x a =e
x (ln a)x

If y = ax
then y = e(ln a)x
The derivative y’ = (ln a) e(ln a)x
The derivative of ax is (ln a) ax
Further Exponential Functions

 Now work: Page 76-77


 Work through E1 to E4

 Homework: Page 76
 Exercise D : Q1, 2, 4

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