ORA000003 CDMA2000

Principle
ISSUE 1.0

Wireless Curriculum Development Section

 Objectives

After this presentation, you will be familiar with:

 the development of mobile communication system

 the structure of CDMA2000 network

 the number planning in CDMA2000 network

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 Course Organization

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: CDMA handoff

Chapter 3: CDMA Core Networks

Chapter 4: CDMA Number Planning

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 Development of Mobile Communications
Introduction

1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation

1980s (analog) 1990s (digital) current (digital)

GSM
UMTS
AMPS
WCDMA
CDMA
TACS IS95
Voice to Broadband CDMA
Analog to Digital
2000
NMT TDMA
IS-136 TD-
OTHERS SCDMA
PDC

3G provides:
 Complete integrated service
solutions
 High bandwidth
 Unified air interface
 Best spectral efficiency and
……………… a step towards PCS 4
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 Transmission Techniques
Introduction

CDMA Traffic channels: different

users are assigned unique
Power code and transmitted over
y the same frequency band,
e nc
Tim
e qu for example, WCDMA and
e Fr CDMA2000

TDMA

Power
Traffic channels: different time slots
are allocated to different users, for
cy example, DAMPS and GSM
Tim uen
q
e Fre

FDMA Us
e
Us ser r
U
Us er
Us er
er Traffic channels: different frequency bands
Power
Us are allocated to different users,for example,
er y
e nc AMPS and TACS
Tim u 5
e F req
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 TDMA Introduction

user
user

user
user
Power

user

n cy
que
Fre
Tim
e

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 3G Objectives
Introduction

3G is developed to achieve:
 Universal frequency band for standard and seamless global coverage
 High quality of service with complete security and reliability
 Easy and smoothly transition from 2G to 3G, compatible with 2G
 Provide multimedia services, with the rates:
 Vehicle environment: 144kbps
 Walking environment: 384kbps
 Indoor environment: 2Mbps

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 Standards for 3G
Introduction

CDMA2000
3GPP2
FDD mode

WCDMA TD-SCDMA
3GPP 3G system CWTS
FDD mode TDD mode

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 Development of CDMA
Introduction

CDMA2000
3X
CDMA2000 307.2kbps

IS95A IS95A  Heavier voice

115.2kbps service capacity ;
9.6kbps CDMA2000
 Longer period of 1X EV
standby time
1995 1998
1X EV-DO
1X EV-DV
2000
2003

 Higher spectrum efficiency and network capacity

 Higher packet data rate and more diversified services
 Smooth transit to 3G

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 CDMA2000 1X Network Structure
Introduction

A1(Signaling)

A2(Traffic)
Abis
A3(Signaling &
Traffic)

A7(Singaling)

A11(Signaling)

A10(Traffic)

MS: Mobile Station BTS: Base Transceiver Station

BSC: Base Station Controller MSC: Mobile Switching Center
HLR :Home Location Register VLR: Visitor Location Register
PCF: Packet data Control Function PDSN: Packet Data Service Node
HA: Home Agent FA: Foreign Agent
SCP: Service Control Point Radius: Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service
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 Course Organization

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: CDMA handoff

Chapter 3: CDMA Core Networks

Chapter 4: CDMA Number Planning

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 Handoff
CDMA Techniques & Technologies

Soft handoff
It is a process of establishing a link with a target sector before
breaking the link with the serving sector

Softer handoff
Like the soft handoff, but the handoff is occurred between
multi-sectors in the same base station

Hard handoff
Hard handoff occurs when the two sectors are not
synchronized or are not on the same frequency. Interruption in
voice or data communication occurs but this interruption does
not effect the user communication

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 Soft/Softer Handoff
CDMA Techniques & Technologies

• Multi-path combination in the BSC during soft handoff

• Multi-path combination in the BTS during softer handoffs

Power received from

a single sector

Combine all the

power from each
sector

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 Course Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 CDMA handoff

Chapter 3 CDMA Core Network

Chapter 4 CDMA Number Planning

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 A typical CDMA Network
CDMA Core Network

T9 Di
EIR IP HLR IP ISDN

F T3 T2 T5
T8 T1
MSC SCP SCP SSP PSTN

E Ai

MS Um A Di
BS MSC ISDN

Ai
C B
H D
Q AC HLR VLR

N G

SME SME MC MC VLR

M M M
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 CDMA Interfaces
CDMA Core Network

MC/VM Mobile Customer Service Center

PSTN/ISDN
Other MSCs IS-41
SS7 SS7
IS-41

SDH SS7
Other PLMNs
BSC MSC/SSP/VLR GMSC/SSP
IOS4.0 TCP/IP

IS95---- BTS IS-41

CDMA2000 OMC IS-41
INTERNET
MS SCP

IS-41
BTS
HLR/AC STP

MSC: Mobile-service Switching Center BSC: Base Station Controller

MC: Short Message Center HLR: Home Location Register
BTS: Base Transceiver Station VM: Voice Mailbox
VLR: Visitor Location Register OMC: Operation & Maintenance Center
AC: Authentication Center SCP: Service Control Point 16
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 CDMA Services
CDMA Core Network

Schools, groups
•Universal account number
•Sectorized and time shared
charge
•Broadcast news

Businesses, enterprises
•Mobile virtual private Family
network •Familiarity number
•Mobile high-speed •Life & amusement
network access
•Advertising services
•Free phone

Individuals
•Individualized services
•Privacy

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 CDMA Feature Services---Example 1
CDMA Core Network

Ruyi lock
Where is my mobile
Features: a mobile phone user can dial the phone? It is lucky to
have Ruyi lock!
access code and input the PIN code to
lock/unlock his mobile phone by using any
fixed telephone instead of registering and
paying at a business hall.

Why can’t I make a call

the moment I picked it up?

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 CDMA Feature Services---Example 2
CDMA Core Network

You can register for a

FOLLOW ME forwarding service on
your own
Features: a user can activate call forwarding
of his/he MS from any phone to ensure that
any incoming call of a mobile phone user will
not be lost.

I forgot to bring my mobile phone, but I

will have an important customer to
meet this afternoon. What should I do?

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 CDMA Feature Services---Example 3
CDMA Core Network

Friendshipcom
Features: After a called user subscribes for t
his service, the system requires password to
caller. A call is accomplished only if the pass He can no longer
word is correct. Otherwise, the call will be reje reach me!

cted or transferred.

Does that guy still Why? Ask me to input a

bother you recently? password?

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 CDMA Feature Services---Example 4
CDMA Core Network

LOOK FOR service

Feature 1: When a user makes a call to an intra-group user, the
terminals of all intra-group users ring in-turn or simultaneously
until there is a reply.

Intra-group user

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 CDMA2000---Data Services
CDMA Core Network

2,000 Video Streaming

Still Imaging
Remote
Data rate in Kbps

384
High-quality vide Medical
Audio Streaming oconference Service
144 Sports, news and
weather report on
Text demand
128 Messaging Low-quality videoconference

Voice Mobile TV
64 Image
Electronic
newspaper Video Surveillance,
Voice
Mail JPEG Video Mail, Travel
32 Electronic book Singing room Still Photos E-commerce
Fax E-Mail
9.6
Telephone Data Mobile
(Voice) Radio
0
Weather, transportation, news, sports and securities

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 Locating Services
CDMA Core Network

3GPP2 uses the following 3 standards for MS location:

 GPS-aided measurement
 Accuracy: suburbs---10m.
City zone---30~70m.
Indoor --unable to locate
 Response time: 3~10s
 Measurement of base station pilot phase
 Accuracy: 50~200m
 Response time: 3~6s
 Locating of a cell ID
 Accuracy: depends on the size of a cell
 Response time: within 3s
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 Locating Services
CDMA Core Network

110! Bandit!

 The system transfers the alarm to the nearest alarm

processing center based on the location.
 An emergency button can be set on a user’s mobile phone to
so that an alarm can be reported without any conversation or
delay.

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 Equal Access of Toll Calls
CDMA Core Network

HLR
CDMA/
PSTN INTERNET

Toll route after

Original toll route MSC/GMSC subscription

Operators who subscribe

for toll services

 Help mobile operators to absorb large quantities of toll

services
 Users subscribe to select toll operators to ensure quality
of service.
Users who subscribe for
 Enable users to save toll call charge (premium strategy) toll services
 Make an IP toll call without dialing a preamble 25
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 Course Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 CDMA Techniques & Technologies

Chapter 3 CDMA Air Interface

Chapter 4 CDMA Core Network

Chapter 5 CDMA Number Planning

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 Definition of Coverage Areas
CDMA Number Planning

Service area

PLMN area

MSC area

Location area

Cell area

Sector
area

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 Parameters Involved
CDMA Number Planning

In a CDMA system, the following parameters are

defined to identify a user and his location:
MIN/IMSI

 MDN
 ESN
 TLDN
 SID/NID
 LAI
 GCI
 SIN
 SSN

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 MIN/IMSI
CDMA Number Planning

Not more than 15 digits

3 digits 2 digits

MCC MNC MSIN

NMSI

IMSI

Mobile subscriber identity/international mobile subscriber identity

For example, 0907550001/460030907550001

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 MDN
CDMA Number Planning

CC + MAC + H 0H 1H 2H 3 + ABCD

International mobile subscriber DN

National valid mobile subscriber number

Mobile directory number

For example, 8613307550001

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 ESN
CDMA Number Planning

A unique Electronic Serial Number (ESN) is used to identify single

MS. An ESN includes 32 bits and has the following structure:

31......24 23......18 17......0 bit

Manufacturer’s number retained equipment SN
For example, FD 03 78 0A (the 10th Motorola 378 mobile phone)
The equipment serial number is allocated by a manufacturer.

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 TLDN
CDMA Number Planning

CC + MAC + 44 + H 0H 1H 2 + ABC

Temporary local directory number

For example, 8613344755001

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 SID/NID
CDMA Number Planning

MSCID (Exchange Identity)

= System Identity (SID) + Exchange number (SWIN)

is used to represent a certain set of equipment in an

NSS network. For example,

Unicom CDMA Shenzhen MSC is labeled as 3755+01

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 Location Area Identity (LAI)
CDMA Number Planning

 PAGING message is broadcast within a local area, the size of

which depends on traffic, paging bearer capability, signaling flow ,
etc.
 Format: MCC+MNC+LAC
 MCC: Mobile Country Code, 3 digits. For example, China is 460.
 MNC: Mobile Network Code, 2 digits. For example, the MNC of
Unicom is 03.
 LAC: Location Area Code, a 2-byte-long hexadecimal BCD code.
0000 cannot be used with FFFE.
 For example, 460030100

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 Global Cell Identity (GCI)
CDMA Number Planning

 The unique ID of a cell in PLMN

 Format: LAI+CI
 CI: Cell Identity, a 2-byte-long hexadecimal BCD code,
pre defined by the engineering department. The first 3
digits and the last digit represent the base station
number and the sector number respectively. For an
omni-directional site, the last digit of CI is 0.
 For example, 4600301001230 shows base station number
123 contains an omni-directional site

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 Sender Identification Number (SIN)
CDMA Number Planning

MSC number
The MSC number stipulated by Unicom is 460 + 03 + 09 +
H0H1H2H3 + 1000.
HLR number
The HLR number stipulated by Unicom is 460 + 03 + 09 +
H0H1H2H3 + 0000.
SMC number
The SMC number stipulated by Unicom is 460 + 03 + 09 +
H0H1H2H3 + 2000.
SCP number
The SCP number stipulated by Unicom is 460 + 03 + 09 +
H0H1H2H3 + 3000.
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 Sub-System Number (SSN
CDMA Number Planning

 SSN of MSC: 8
 SSN of VLR: 7
 SSN of HLR: 6
 SSN of AC: 10
 SSN of SMC: EE
 SSN of SCP: EF
 SSN of A interface: FE/FC
 SSN of SCCP management: 1

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 Summary

 Brief Development History of Mobile

Communication
 Analog--digital--code division
 Objectives of 3G and comparison of 3 systems
 CDMA network structure
 Service provided in CDMA network
 Number planning in CDMA Network

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 Questions

 How many kinds of handoff are there in CDMA

system?
 Please describe the interfaces used in the CDMA
network.
 What is the IMSI , MDN, ESN? Please describe the
structure and function of them.

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