Ijma' refers to the consensus of scholarly opinion on matters of Islamic law and doctrine. It is considered a source of shariah after the Quran and hadith. For an ijma' to be valid, it requires the unanimous agreement of all qualified jurists and scholars of a particular era on a ruling, after thorough investigation and discussion. Examples of valid ijma' include the compilation of the Quran, the choice of Abu Bakr as the first caliph after the Prophet's death, and rulings where the Quran and hadith are silent or ambiguous. The ijma' of the Prophet's companions is especially authoritative given their proximity to the Prophet and their role in transmitting his teachings.
Ijma' refers to the consensus of scholarly opinion on matters of Islamic law and doctrine. It is considered a source of shariah after the Quran and hadith. For an ijma' to be valid, it requires the unanimous agreement of all qualified jurists and scholars of a particular era on a ruling, after thorough investigation and discussion. Examples of valid ijma' include the compilation of the Quran, the choice of Abu Bakr as the first caliph after the Prophet's death, and rulings where the Quran and hadith are silent or ambiguous. The ijma' of the Prophet's companions is especially authoritative given their proximity to the Prophet and their role in transmitting his teachings.
Ijma' refers to the consensus of scholarly opinion on matters of Islamic law and doctrine. It is considered a source of shariah after the Quran and hadith. For an ijma' to be valid, it requires the unanimous agreement of all qualified jurists and scholars of a particular era on a ruling, after thorough investigation and discussion. Examples of valid ijma' include the compilation of the Quran, the choice of Abu Bakr as the first caliph after the Prophet's death, and rulings where the Quran and hadith are silent or ambiguous. The ijma' of the Prophet's companions is especially authoritative given their proximity to the Prophet and their role in transmitting his teachings.
Ijma' refers to the consensus of scholarly opinion on matters of Islamic law and doctrine. It is considered a source of shariah after the Quran and hadith. For an ijma' to be valid, it requires the unanimous agreement of all qualified jurists and scholars of a particular era on a ruling, after thorough investigation and discussion. Examples of valid ijma' include the compilation of the Quran, the choice of Abu Bakr as the first caliph after the Prophet's death, and rulings where the Quran and hadith are silent or ambiguous. The ijma' of the Prophet's companions is especially authoritative given their proximity to the Prophet and their role in transmitting his teachings.
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IJMA
IJMA’ (CONSENSUS OF OPINIONS)
• Ijma’ does not directly partake in the divine revelation unlike the Quran and the Sunnah.
• Ijma’ is a rational and binding proof.
MEANING OF IJMA’ • 1. To determine and to agree upon something
literally • 2. Unanimous agreement
• The unanimous agreement of the mujtahidin of the Muslim
From the Arabic word, ajma’a ()عمجا community of any period following the demise of Prophet s.a.w on any matters pertaining to Islam whether in belief or
technically moral and legal matters. (by al-`Amidi) • Modern scholar, Abu Zahrah has narrowed this definition to By al-’Amidi (d.615AH/1218CE) confine it to legal matters only. • It must be the agreements of qualified scholars who fulfil certain conditions laid down by the scholars to exercise ijtihad. • In fact, the existing body of Fiqh is the product of a long process of ijtihad and ijma’. BASIS OF IJMA’ • It should be noted that they have on the whole maintained the view that the textual evidence in support of ijma’ does not amount to a conclusive and decisive proof but it is rather an indication of the utilization of ijma’.
Ijma’ is a form of agreement ةلالض ىلع تيمأ عمتجال
and this Hadith assures that it is impossible for Muslims to My community shall never agree on an error agree on something which is wrong or something which -narrated by I B N M A J A H - could lead Muslims astray. • In conclusion, the consensus of all the mujtahidun (those who are qualified to exercise ijma’) on a particular ruling is a sure indication that the word of truth has prevailed over their differences.
• This rational argument in support of ijma’ has been further advanced to the effect that consensus upon a ruling in Islamic law is bounded to be founded on sound ijtihad (reasoning).
• Since ijtihad is founded on sound authority in the first place, the unanimous agreement of all the scholars on a particular ruling indicates that there is clear authority in Islam to sustain their consensus.
• Ijma’ in other word accounts for its own authority.
REQUIREMENTS OF IJMA’
There are number of The agreement of the
Unanimity is a prerequisite of mujtahidun available at mujtahidun must be ijma’. the time when the demonstrated by their issue is encountered. expressed opinion on a particular issue. • Consensus will never • The presence of a • The expression may be exist unless there is a different view, even by a verbal or in plurality of concurrent small minority writing opinions precludes the possibility of ijma’ Ijma’ Ijma’ Khulafa Ahlul Bait Rasyidin GROUP OF IJMA’ Ijma’ Ahl Ijma’ Madina Ulama EXPLICIT • Every mujtahid expresses his opinion IJMA either verbally or by action. ( AL-IJMA’
TYPES AL-SARIH ) • Explicit ijma’ is definitive and binding.
OF • Some of the mujtahidin of a particular age
give an expressed opinion concerning an
IJMA’ incident but the rest remain silent. TACIT IJMA’ ( AL-IJMA’ • The scholars that remain silent had known AL-SUKUTI ) of the opinion of other mujtahidun and then had ample time to investigate and express an opinion but he choose to remain silent. THE POSSIBILITY OF EXERCISING IJMA’ • During the period of the Rightly Guided Khulafa, most of the scholars of the companions were residing in Madinah.
• Therefore, making it easy for them to meet and discuss any issues that may arise within the Muslim community.
• Ijma’ can only occur after the demise of Prophet (s.a.w) because he is the highest authority of Islamic Law at that time. After the period of companion, the tendency to uphold ijma’ had gradually weakened and according to some scholars ijma’, its exact meaning was not exercised after the Rightly Guided Caliph period.
As for the move to revive and reform ijma’, the different platform such as Majma’ Al-fiqhi Al-’alami exist at present and the different council of fatwa should study the possibility to introduce an authoritative body to represent the Muslim ummah.
Thus, have the authority to issue legal fatwa which can be considered as binding upon the Muslim ummah. EXAMPLE OF IJMA’ 1- THE COMPILATION OF AL-QURAN INTO A MUSHAF AL-QURAN THAT HAVE BEEN COMPILE AND USE BY US NOWADAYS IS THE RESULT OF IJMA’.
Meaning: Indeed, it is We who sent down the
Qur'an and indeed, We will be its guardian. 2- The Commandment of choosing the caliphs within 3 days
Some of the companion manage the death
of the Prophet and the others manage the choosing of Caliphs at Saqifah Bani Sai’dah until Saidina Abu Bakar was appointed as khalifah after Prophet demise. 3 - Ijma’ concerning issues which have no clear Verdict in Shariah
• Jihad against defaulters of Zakat in the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A.)
4 - Ijma’ concerning issues which have more than one possible
interpretations in Shariah
• Culmination of Prophet hood
The Reason why Ijma’ of companion can be accepted as the source of Islamic Law 1. Allah gives His praises to the companion in Al- quran (surah Al-Taubah verses 100) which its meaning is definitive.
2. The companion is the people who collect,memorize and deliver
the content of Al-quran and Al-sunnah for the next generation.
3. They live in the time of Rasulullah
4. It is impossible for them to agree on astray matter
