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Golgi Complex

The Golgi complex is a network of membranes found in eukaryotic cells that processes and packages proteins and lipids. It is made up of flattened sacs called cisternae that are stacked together. Materials enter the Golgi complex from the endoplasmic reticulum and move through the cisternae where they are modified and packaged into vesicles. These vesicles then transport the finished materials to other parts of the cell or outside the cell. The Golgi complex plays an important role in the cell by sorting and distributing macromolecules to their proper destinations.

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48 views7 pages

Golgi Complex

The Golgi complex is a network of membranes found in eukaryotic cells that processes and packages proteins and lipids. It is made up of flattened sacs called cisternae that are stacked together. Materials enter the Golgi complex from the endoplasmic reticulum and move through the cisternae where they are modified and packaged into vesicles. These vesicles then transport the finished materials to other parts of the cell or outside the cell. The Golgi complex plays an important role in the cell by sorting and distributing macromolecules to their proper destinations.

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Afrah
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Golgi Complex:

The name comes from Italian anatomist Camillo Golgi, who identified it in 1898.

GA is Complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm.

The Golgi apparatus (GA), also called Golgi body or Golgi complex and dictyosomes in
plants. Found universally in both plant and animal cells except prokaryotic cells (do not
have membrane bound organelles)

In eukaryotic cells – GA role: secretion and intracellular transport

This complex is usually located close to the cell nucleus.

Similarly, the number of Golgi bodies in a cell varies according to its function.
Structure: 1. Cisternae 2. Tubules 3. Vesicles 4. Vacuoles

1. Cisternae
It is typically comprised of a series of five to eight cup-shaped, membrane-covered sacs
called cisternae that look something like a stack of deflated balloons.

In some unicellular flagellates, however, as many as 60 cisternae may combine to make


up the Golgi apparatus.

Animal cells generally contain between ten and twenty Golgi stacks per cell, which are
linked into a single complex by tubular connections between cisternae.

2. Tubules: Forms the peripheral area of the cisternae

3. Vesicles: sac like structure initially associated with membrane

4. Vacuoles: large in size which lies at the edge of the GC


Golgi faces:

Each Golgi stack has two distinct ends, or faces.

The cis face is found near the endoplasmic reticulum from where most of the material it
receives . The cis face of a Golgi stack is the end of the organelle where substances enter
from the endoplasmic reticulum for processing,

The trans face is positioned near the plasma membrane of the cell, to where many of
the substances it modifies are shipped. Trans face is where they exit in the form of
smaller detached vesicles.

The chemical make-up of each face is different and the enzymes contained in the
lumens (inner open spaces) of the cisternae between the faces are distinctive.
Functions:
The Golgi apparatus is often considered the distribution and shipping department for the cell's
chemical products. It modifies proteins and lipids (fats) that have been built in the endoplasmic
reticulum and prepares them for export outside of the cell or for transport to other locations in
the cell

Proteins and lipids built in the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum bud off in tiny bubble-
like vesicles that move through the cytoplasm until they reach the Golgi complex.

The vesicles fuse with the Golgi membranes and release their internally stored molecules into
the organelle.

Once inside, the compounds are further processed by the Golgi apparatus, which adds
molecules or chops tiny pieces off the ends.

When completed, the product is extruded from the GA in a vesicle and directed to its final
destination inside or outside the cell.

The exported products are secretions of proteins or glycoproteins that are part of the cell's
function in the organism.

Other products are returned to the endoplasmic reticulum or may undergo maturation to
become lysosomes.
The products exported by the Golgi apparatus through the trans face eventually fuse
with the plasma membrane of the cell.

Among the most important duties of the Golgi apparatus is to sort the wide variety of
macromolecules produced by the cell and target them for distribution to their proper
location.

Specialized molecular identification labels or tags, such as phosphate groups, are


added by the Golgi enzymes to aid in this sorting effort.

The Golgi complex in plant cells produces pectins and other polysaccharides
specifically needed by for plant structure and metabolism.

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