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Algorithms and Flowcharts

The document discusses algorithms and flowcharts. It explains that a programming task can be divided into problem solving and implementation phases. The problem solving phase involves developing an algorithm, which is an ordered sequence of steps describing the solution. A flowchart is then used to visualize the logic and steps of the algorithm. The document provides examples of pseudocode algorithms and corresponding flowcharts to find the maximum of three numbers and to determine if a number is even or odd.

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Ashritha kotte
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322 views

Algorithms and Flowcharts

The document discusses algorithms and flowcharts. It explains that a programming task can be divided into problem solving and implementation phases. The problem solving phase involves developing an algorithm, which is an ordered sequence of steps describing the solution. A flowchart is then used to visualize the logic and steps of the algorithm. The document provides examples of pseudocode algorithms and corresponding flowcharts to find the maximum of three numbers and to determine if a number is even or odd.

Uploaded by

Ashritha kotte
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Algorithms and Flowcharts

Programming
• Programming task can be divided into two phases
 Problem solving phase: ordered sequence of steps describing the
solution to the problem called algorithm
 Implementation phase: Implement the program in some
programming language

2
Steps in Problem Solving
• Pseudocode: Artificial and informal language that helps programmers
develop algorithms to develop a particular problem. It is very similar
to how we write English Statements.
• Flowchart: A flowchart is a diagram using different shapes (for
different purposes) and arrows in order to demonstrate workflow, or
process, or an algorithm.
Shows logic of an algorithm
Emphasizes individual steps and their interconnection

3
Flowchart
Shapes used in a flowchart:

Start/Stop Input/Output

Process Condition

Flow line 4
Problems
• Write a pseudocode and flowchart to determine a student’s final grade
(average of four examinations), and determine whether he passed or failed.
• Write a pseudocode and flowchart to compute the maximum among three
different numbers
• Write a pseudocode and flowchart to convert a length given in feet to
centimeter. (1 feet = 30.48 cm)
• Write a pseudocode and flowchart for displaying all the roots of quadratic
equation ax2+bx+c=0. (Consider negative discriminant case as well)
• Write a pseudocode and flowchart to read two sides of a rectangle and
compute its area
• Write a pseudocode and flowchart to display if an input number is even or
odd
5
Solved Examples
Algorithm to Display if an Input Number is Even or Odd

1. Start
2. Input a number N
3. If N%2 is equal to zero
3.1 Display “The number is Even”
3.2 Display “The number is Odd”
4. End If
5. Stop
Flowchart to Display if an Input Number is Even or Odd
Start

Input a number N

True False
N%2 = 0?

Display Number is
Even Display Number is Odd

Stop
Algorithm to Display Roots of a Quadratic Equation

1. Start
2. Input coefficients a,b,c
3. Declare variables D, r1, r2
4. Compute D b*b – 4*a*c
5. If D is greater than or equal to 0
5.1 r1 (-b+√D)/(2*a)
5.2 r2 (-b-√D)/(2*a)
5.3 Else
5.4 r1 (-b+j√-D)/(2*a)
5.5 r2 (-b-j√-D)/(2*a)
5.6 End If
6. Display r1 and r2
7. Stop
Flowchart to Display Roots of a Quadratic Equation

Start
Let the quadratic equation be ax2+bx+c=0
Input Coefficients
a,b,c

Declare variables r1, r2, D


Compute D b*b - 4*a*c

False D>=0?
True

r1 = (-b+j√-D)/(2*a) r1 = (-b+√D)/(2*a)
r2 = (-b-j√-D)/(2*a) r2 = (-b-√D)/(2*a)

Display r1 and r2

Stop
Algorithm to Display the Maximum Among Three Different
Numbers
1. Start
2. Input three numbers A,B, and C
3. If A is greater than B
4. If A is greater than C
5. Display “Maximum is A”
6. Else
7. Display “Maximum is C”
8. End If
9. Else
10. If B is greater than C
11. Display “Maximum is B”
12. Else
13. Display “Maximum is C”
14. End If
15.End If
16.Stop
Flowchart to Display the Maximum Among Three Different Numbers

Start

Input three numbers


A,B,C

True False
A>B?

True A>C? False False B>C? True

Display Maximum is A Display Maximum is C Display Maximum is B

Stop

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