Visual

Programming
Language
Classes, Objects, Inheritance, Arrays
Classes and Objects

 Class is a template, declaration or blueprint that is used for

classifying object.
 It encapsulates variable members, functions, structure, properties
and many more components. 
 It is the basic building block of object oriented programming. 
 Class is a user defined data type that can contain multiple other
data types in it.
 It can have fields, properties and methods.
 Properties are to get/set values of the fields from outside the class.
 Object is an instance of the class data type (like we says variable of
integer or float etc).
 Class is a reference type therefore we have to allocate its object in
memory by initializing it with ‘new’ operator.

2
In order to create class, the
class keyword is used.
Syntax:
class print
  {
  }
Example:
class print
  {
    public void printname()
     {
       Console.WriteLine(“Iqra University");
     }
  }
3
After creating class, you can
use it by creating its object.
 An object is created using new keyword.
 After creating the object of print class, you can use its
members using the object name as follow:
print pr = new print();
pr.printname();

4
Class - Example Code

class PersonalInfo
{
#region Fields Initializations
string stFirstName;
string stMidName;
string stLastName;
#endregion

#region Properties
public string FirstName
{
get { return stFirstName; }
5
set { stFirstName = value; }
}
PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE
using System;     class Program //Creating 3rd class
using System.Collections.Generic;     {
using System.Linq;         static void Main(string[] args)
using System.Text;         {
              print p = new print();
namespace Creating_Class             p.printdetails();
{             Console.ReadLine();
    class accept //Creating 1st. class         }
    {     }
        public string name; }
        public void acceptdetails()
        {
            Console.Write("Enter your name:\t");
            name = Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
 
    class print // Creating 2nd class
    {
        public void printdetails()
        {
            //Creating object of 1st. class
            accept a = new accept();
            //executing method of 1st class.
            a.acceptdetails();
            //Printing value of name variable
            Console.WriteLine("Your name is " + a.name); 6
        }
    }
    
GUIDELINE WHILE CREATING
CLASS
 The class name should be noun and meaningful.
 Use either pascal case first letter is capital. Ex.
PascalCase.
 Or camel case, the first letter is small. Ex. camelCase.
 It is strictly recommended you to use pascal case for
class name and camel case for variable name.
 Your class name should not contain any special
character except underscore (_) or digit. Must start your
class name with character.
 Don’t use reserved keyword for class name.

7
INHERITANCE

 One of the important pillar of Object Oriented

Programming (OOP).
 Allows you to access members of base class in child
class.
 It enables you to create a child class that can access
and use all the functionality of its base class.
 This way you can keep common variable and functions
in a base class and use them as many times as you want
in child class.
 Code reusability makes your program simpler and
efficient.

8
EXAMPLE:
using System; //Creating Child Class
using System.Collections.Generic; class Scooter : Tyre
using System.Linq; {
using System.Text; public void ScooterType()
using System.Threading.Tasks; {
Console.WriteLine("Scooter Color is Red");
namespace Basic_Example TyreType();
{ }
class Program }
{ //Creating Child Class
static void Main(string[] args) class Car : Tyre
{ {
Scooter sc = new Scooter(); public void CarType()
sc.ScooterType(); {
Console.WriteLine("Car Type : Ferrari");
Car c = new Car(); TyreType();
c.CarType(); }
}
Console.ReadKey(); }
}
}
//Creating Base Class
class Tyre
{
protected void TyreType()
{
Console.WriteLine("This is Tubeless Tyre");
9
}
}
Arrays
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Declare_Array
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int[] num = new int[6]; //Declaring Array

//Initializing array
for (int a = 0; a <= 5; a++)
{
Console.Write(“\nEnter the value of array #" + a + ":\t");
num[a] = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
}
/*num[1] = 23;
num[2] = 12;
num[3] = 9;
num[4] = 14;
num[5] = 52;*/
int f = 0;
//Showing value of Array
foreach(int j in num)
{f++;
Console.WriteLine(f+" value:\t{0}", j);
}
/*Console.WriteLine("2nd value:\t{0}", num[1]);
Console.WriteLine("3rd value:\t{0}", num[2]);
Console.WriteLine("4th value:\t{0}", num[3]);
Console.WriteLine("5th value:\t{0}", num[4]);
Console.WriteLine("6th value:\t{0}", num[5]);*/

Console.ReadKey();
} 10
}
}
 Storing data in two arrays
using System;  //Accepting name and find their correspondence age in array.
using System.Collections.Generic;  
using System.Linq;             Console.Write("\n\nEnter your name to find age:\t");
using System.Text;             find = Console.ReadLine();
   
namespace accessing_array_value             for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
{             {
    class Program                 if (name[i] == find)
    {                 {
        static void Main(string[] args)                     Console.WriteLine("\n\nName\t:{0}", name[i]);
        {                     Console.WriteLine("Age\t:{0}", age[i]);
            int[] age = new int[6];                     j++;
            string[] name = new string[6];                 }
            int i, j = 0;             }
            string find;             if (j == 0)
              {
            // Storing users name and age in two different array.                 Console.WriteLine("Not Found!!!");
            for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)             }
            {             Console.ReadLine();
                Console.Write("\n\nEnter your name:\t");         }
                name[i] = Console.ReadLine();     }
                Console.Write("Enter your age:\t\t"); }
                age[i] = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
            }
 
            

11
Class Activity
 Write a program to print Array {22,50,11, 2, 49} in
Reverse Order.
 Write a program to store and print the three different
values (Book Name, Author and Publisher Name) in
different arrays.

12