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WINSEM2020-21 STS3205 SS VL2020210500206 Reference Material I 15-Feb-2021 Abstract Class and Method

An abstract class in Java is a class that is declared abstract and cannot be instantiated. It may contain abstract methods without a method body that must be implemented by subclasses. An abstract class can contain concrete methods with an implementation and static fields/methods. Subclasses must implement all abstract methods to be concrete and instantiable. Abstract classes are used to provide common behaviors for subclasses to implement in different ways.

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65 views14 pages

WINSEM2020-21 STS3205 SS VL2020210500206 Reference Material I 15-Feb-2021 Abstract Class and Method

An abstract class in Java is a class that is declared abstract and cannot be instantiated. It may contain abstract methods without a method body that must be implemented by subclasses. An abstract class can contain concrete methods with an implementation and static fields/methods. Subclasses must implement all abstract methods to be concrete and instantiable. Abstract classes are used to provide common behaviors for subclasses to implement in different ways.

Uploaded by

RAJ MAHANTA
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ABSTRACT CLASS IN JAVA

ABSTRACT CLASS

An abstract class is a class that is declared abstract — it may or may not include
abstract methods.
If a class contain any abstract method then the class is declared as abstract class.

An abstract class may have static fields and static methods.

An abstract class is never instantiated. It is used to provide abstraction.

 Although it does not provide 100% abstraction because it can also have concrete
method.
SYNTAX

abstract class class_name { }

EXAMPLE:

abstract class A{
……………………..
}
ABSTRACT METHOD:

Method that are declared without any body within an abstract class are called
abstract method.
The method body will be defined by its subclass.

Abstract method can never be final and static.

Any class that extends an abstract class must implement all the abstract methods
declared by the super class.
SYNTAX:

abstract return_type function_name ();

EXAMPLE:

abstract class A {

abstract void call();


}
CONCRETE CLASS AND METHOD

A concrete class is a class that we can create an instance of, using the new
keyword.
 In other words, it's a full implementation of its blueprint.

Concrete classes don't have any unimplemented methods.

 Whether the implementations are inherited or not, so long as each method


has an implementation, the class is concrete.

CONCRETE METHOD:

A method which is not abstract i.e. if a methods definition is given in the


same class its declared is called concrete.
EXAMPLE FOR CONCRETE CLASS

abstract class Vehicle


{
abstract void engine();
}
class Car extends Vehicle {

public void engine()


{
System.out.println("Car engine");
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Car v = new Car();
v.engine();
}
}
EXAMPLE FOR CONCRETE METHOD

abstract class animal


{
abstract void eat(); // abstract method
void talk(){
System.out.println("Dog brks");
} //concrete method
}
ABSTRACT CLASS AND ABSTRACT METHOD

When to use Abstract Methods & Abstract Class?


 Abstract methods are usually declared where two or more subclasses are
expected to do a similar thing in different ways through different
implementations. These subclasses extend the same Abstract class and
provide different implementations for the abstract methods.
 Abstract classes are used to define generic types of behaviors at the top of an
object-oriented programming class hierarchy, and use its subclasses to provide
implementation details of the abstract class.
EXAMPLE

abstract class A {
abstract void callme();
}
class B extends A{
void callme() {
System.out.println(“what about you");
}
}
class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b = new B();
b.callme();
}
}
Abstract class with concrete(normal) method

abstract class A{
abstract void callme();
public void normal(){
System.out.println(“how are you");
}
}
class B extends A{
void callme(){
System.out.println(“fine");
}
}
class Main{
public static void main(String[] args){
B b = new B();
b.callme();
b.normal();
}
}
EXAMPLE

abstract class Vehicle


{
abstract void engine();
}
class Car extends Vehicle {

public void engine()


{
System.out.println("Car engine");
}
}
class Main{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Vehicle v = new Car();
v.engine();
}
}

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