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Diversity - Combining Schemes

The document discusses various wireless communication techniques including diversity schemes and RAKE receivers. It describes space, polarization, frequency, and time diversity methods. For space diversity, it covers selection, scanning, maximum ratio combining, and equal gain combining. Polarization diversity exploits uncorrelated signals from different antenna polarizations. Frequency diversity transmits over multiple carrier frequencies to avoid deep fades. Time diversity retransmits signals with time spacing exceeding the channel coherence time. The document also introduces RAKE receivers used in CDMA systems to collect signal components from different propagation paths.

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46 views17 pages

Diversity - Combining Schemes

The document discusses various wireless communication techniques including diversity schemes and RAKE receivers. It describes space, polarization, frequency, and time diversity methods. For space diversity, it covers selection, scanning, maximum ratio combining, and equal gain combining. Polarization diversity exploits uncorrelated signals from different antenna polarizations. Frequency diversity transmits over multiple carrier frequencies to avoid deep fades. Time diversity retransmits signals with time spacing exceeding the channel coherence time. The document also introduces RAKE receivers used in CDMA systems to collect signal components from different propagation paths.

Uploaded by

Thota Deep
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wireless Communications

Lecture
Diversity & RAKE
Receiver

1
Topics
: of relevant concepts
 Review
 Introduction to Diversity-Types
 Space Diversity and Combining
Schemes
 Switched
 Selection
 Equal Gain Combining
 Maximum Ratio
 Polarization Diversity
 Frequency Diversity
 Time Diversity

2
 RAKE Receiver- For CDMA
Diversity
A diversity scheme is a method that is used to develop information from
several signals transmitted over independent fading paths.

It exploits the random nature of radio propagation by


finding independent (uncorrelated) signal paths for communication.

Space Diversity
 Selection Diversity
 Scanning Diversity
 Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC)
 Equal Gain Combining (EGC)

3
Space
Diversity

Receive Transmit Both


Space Diversity

5
1. Selection Diversity

6
Selection
Combining

 The antenna signals themselves could be sampled and the best


sent to a single demodulation one

7
2. Feedback or Scanning Diversity

 The signal, the best of M signals, is received until it falls

8
below threshold and the scanning process is again initiated
Equal-Gain
Combining

 The branch weights are all set to unity but the signals from each are
co-
phased to provide equal gain combining diversity

9
Maximum Ratio
Combining

The signals from all of the M branches are weighted according


to their signal voltage to noise power ratios and then summed
10
Maximum Ratio
Combining

11
Polarization
diversity

12
Polarization diversity
 Theoretical model for polarization diversity [16]
the signal arrive at the base x  r1cos(t 
station 1 )
y  r2 cos(t 
the correlation coefficient can be written 2 )
as
   tan2 ( ) cos2 ( )  

2 2

2tan ( ) cos ( )  
  

 R22
R12

13
Frequency
Diversity
It is implemented by transmitting information on more than
one
Carrier frequency.

So all the carrier frequencies will not experience the same
fading effects.

Disadvantage:
This requires multistage receiver circuitry

14
Time
Repeatedly transmittingDiversity
the same information at time spacing
that exceed the coherence time of the channel.

The signal will be received with independent fading effects.

15
Rake Receiver -
CDMA

16
17

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