Prime Movers and Fluid Machines Lab: Experiment # - Section 2 - 06 April 2021

Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 13

Prime Movers and Fluid

Machines Lab
BITS Pilani Experiment #_Section 2 _06 April 2021
Pilani Campus
Performance Test on Francis Turbine
• Francis turbine description
– Parts of Francis turbine
• Objective
• Experimental setup demonstration (live)
• Assumptions and specifications
• Observation table with calculation procedure, results, and
questions
• Group discussion on Pelton turbine experiment

2
Francis Turbine Description
• Mixed flow turbine
• Reaction turbine

• The pressure decreases as the water flows over the runner


blades.
• The pressure at the runner exit may be less than the
atmospheric pressure.

3
Parts of A Francis Turbine

• Spiral (scroll or volute ) Casing


• The fluid enters from the penstock
to a spiral casing which surrounds
the runner.
• The cross-sectional area of this
casing decreases uniformly along
the circumference to keep the fluid
velocity constant in magnitude along
its path towards the stay vane/guide
vane.

Ref:- P M V Subbarao IIT delhi 4


Spiral Casing (scroll or volute )

Ref:- P M V Subbarao IIT delhi 5


Objective
• To conduct performance test on Francis
turbine at rated speed and draw characteristics
 Draw characteristics
 Discharge (Q) vs Efficiency (η)
 Discharge (Q) vs Output power (O)
 Efficiency (η) vs Output power (O)
 Efficiency (η) vs % of full load

6
Experimental setup demonstration

7
Assumptions
– Speed remains constant while taking readings
– Since the pressure gauge needle keeps moving, we
takes the middle values
– Constant head is maintained
– All equipment are calibrated
– No cavitation problem
– Flow remains constant

8
Precautions
• Do not start the motor without priming the
pump
• Take readings properly
• Check all parts of the turbine before the
experiment

9
Specifications
– Test rig power 3.7 KW
– Brake drum diameter 0.3 m
– Rope diameter 0.015 m
– Hanger weight 1 Kg
– 15 HP centrifugal pump

10
Observation Table
Outlet Input Wt. on
Inlet Venturimeter pressure gauge Wt. on
vacuum Total Speed spring Net wt.
pressure reading hanger
head balance
S.No. T
P V H P1 P2 dH N T1 T2-T0*
=T0+T1-T2
Kg/sq.c m of m of
mm of Hg Kg/sq.cm Kg/sq.cm RPM Kg Kg Kg
m water water
1 0.8 27 3.2 2.6 6 1500 5 0.7
2 0.9 28 2.8 2.1 7 1500 8 1.1
3 0.9 30 2.6 1.7 7 1500 11 2.0
4 1.0 33 2.5 1.6 9 1500 14 3.3
5 1.0 34 2.4 1.4 10 1500 17 3.9
6 1.1 37 1.8 0.8 10 1500 20 4.3

*Hanger weight 1 Kg
Input total head (H) = 10(P+V/760) =…m of water
Venturimeter (dH) = 10(P1-P2) =…m of water

Resultant load on brake drum (T ) = (T0+T1-T2)= …Kg

11
Results
% of full
S.No RPM Q m3/sec Turbine output (O) KW Input (I) KW Efficiency(η)
load
1500
1        
2 1500        
3 1500        
4 1500        
5 1500        
6 1500        

% of full load = Turbine output/Test rig power capacity (3.7 KW)


Discharge Q = 0.0131*(dH)0.5 =….m3/sec
Input Power I = 9.81*Q*H = ----Kw
Turbine output O = 3.14*D*N*T/(102*60) = 0.000162 NT KW = …..KW
Efficiency =output/input*100%= ….

12
Questions
1. Function of draft tube ?
2. What is the cavitation ?, on what factors it
depends ? How it can be avoided ?

13

You might also like