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    Year: I Semester: Ii Course Facilitator: Dr.V.Sathish Kumar

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    sathish_prakash_1
    This document discusses the key steps in water treatment processes: 1) Screening removes large solids from raw water to protect pumps and pipes. 2) Coagulation and flocculation involve adding chemicals to make small particles clump together and form larger particles that are easier to remove. 3) Sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection further purify the water by allowing particles to settle out, filtering remaining particles, and adding chlorine to kill germs before distribution.

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    Year: I Semester: Ii Course Facilitator: Dr.V.Sathish Kumar

    Uploaded by

    sathish_prakash_1
    3 views16 pages
    This document discusses the key steps in water treatment processes: 1) Screening removes large solids from raw water to protect pumps and pipes. 2) Coagulation and flocculation involve adding chemicals to make small particles clump together and form larger particles that are easier to remove. 3) Sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection further purify the water by allowing particles to settle out, filtering remaining particles, and adding chlorine to kill germs before distribution.

    Original Title

    2.Water Purification

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    This document discusses the key steps in water treatment processes: 1) Screening removes large solids from raw water to protect pumps and pipes. 2) Coagulation and flocculation involve adding chemicals to make small particles clump together and form larger particles that are easier to remove. 3) Sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection further purify the water by allowing particles to settle out, filtering remaining particles, and adding chlorine to kill germs before distribution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3 views16 pages

    Year: I Semester: Ii Course Facilitator: Dr.V.Sathish Kumar

    Uploaded by

    sathish_prakash_1
    This document discusses the key steps in water treatment processes: 1) Screening removes large solids from raw water to protect pumps and pipes. 2) Coagulation and flocculation involve adding chemicals to make small particles clump together and form larger particles that are easier to remove. 3) Sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection further purify the water by allowing particles to settle out, filtering remaining particles, and adding chlorine to kill germs before distribution.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    20HSM05

    CIVIL ENGINEERING – SOCIETAL AND GLOBAL IMPACT

    YEAR :I
    SEMESTER : II
    COURSE FACILITATOR : Dr.V.SATHISH KUMAR
    Water Purification
    Water Treatment Process
    WATER TREATMENT

    Screening Coagulation Aeration

    Sedimentatio
    Filtration Flocculation
    n

    Disinfection
    or Lime Dosing
    Chlorination
    Untreated to Treated Water
    Screening

     Removes
     large solids
     logs
     branches
     rags
     fish
     Simple process
     Protects pumps
    and pipes in Water
    Treatment Plants
    Coagulation

    • Small particles are not removed efficiently by sedimentation because


    they settle too slowly
    • they may also pass-through filters

    • easier to remove if they are lumped together


    • Coagulated to form larger particles, but they don't because they
    have a negative charge
    • repel each other (like two north poles of a magnet)

    • In coagulation we add a chemical such as alum which produces


    positive charges to neutralize the negative charges on the particles
    • particles can stick together
    • forming larger particles
    • more easily removed
    • Process involves addition of chemical (e.g. alum)
    • Rapid mixing to dissolve the chemical
    • Distribute it evenly throughout water
    Coagulants
    Flocculation

    • Now the particles have a


    neutral charge
    • Can stick together
    • The water flows into a tank
    with paddles that provide slow
    mixing
    • Bring the small particles together
    to form larger particles called
    flocs
    • Mixing is done quite slowly
    and gently in the flocculation
    step
    • If the mixing is too fast, the flocs
    will break apart into small
    particles that are difficult to
    remove by sedimentation or
    filtration.
    Sedimentation

    • Water flows to a tank


    called a
    sedimentation basin
    • Gravity causes the flocs to settle
    to the bottom
    • Large particles settle more rapidly
    than small particles
    • It would take a very long time for
    all particles to settle out and that
    would mean we would
    need a very large sedimentation
    basin.
    • So the clarified water, with most
    of the particles removed, moves
    on to the filtration step where the
    finer particles are removed
    Filtration
    Filtration

    • The filtration apparatus is a concrete box


    which contains sand (which does the
    filtering), gravel (which keeps the sand
    from getting out) and underdrain (where
    the filtered water exits)
    • After the filter is operated for a while, the
    sand becomes clogged with particles and
    must be backwashed
    • Flow through the filter is reversed and
    the
    sand and particles are suspended
    • The particles are lighter than the sand,
    so they rise up and are flushed from the
    system. When backwashing is complete,
    the sand settles down onto the gravel,
    flow is reversed and the process begins
    again
    Disinfection

    Disinfection: A small amount of


    chlorine, or other disinfecting
    chemicals, is added.
    • This is used to kill any remaining
    germs and to keep the water safe
    as it travels to the public.
    • In some water systems,
    especially those with groundwater
    sources, this is the only treatment
    provided.
    Chlorination
    • Enough chlorine is added so that
    some remains to go out in the
    water distribution system,
    protecting the public once the
    water leaves the plant
    Softening

    • Areas where water comes into contact with limestone, there may
    be high levels of calcium and magnesium present
    • These chemicals make the water "hard"
    • Hardness is removed by a process called softening
    • Two chemicals (lime, CaO and soda ash, Na2CO3 ) are added to
    water
    • Causing the calcium and magnesium to
    form precipitates
    • Solid substance is then removed with the other particles by
    sedimentation and filtration

    Water Treatment Plants 54


    Distribution

    • Pumping of the clean water produced


    at the treatment plant to the community

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