Scribd
Upload
406 views15 pages

Generator Protection Unit#3 KMPCL

The document describes the generator protection system for generator unit #3 at KMPCL power plant. It includes differential, earth fault, reverse/low power, over/under voltage protections. It provides technical specifications of the 600MW generator such as voltage, current ratings, cooling type. It describes the protection classes and their associated tripping mechanisms for electrical, turbine and accidental faults. Settings are provided for various protections like differential, earth fault, negative sequence, under excitation etc.

Uploaded by

Amaresh Nayak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
406 views15 pages

Generator Protection Unit#3 KMPCL

The document describes the generator protection system for generator unit #3 at KMPCL power plant. It includes differential, earth fault, reverse/low power, over/under voltage protections. It provides technical specifications of the 600MW generator such as voltage, current ratings, cooling type. It describes the protection classes and their associated tripping mechanisms for electrical, turbine and accidental faults. Settings are provided for various protections like differential, earth fault, negative sequence, under excitation etc.

Uploaded by

Amaresh Nayak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

GENERATOR PROTECTION

UNIT#3 KMPCL
Generating Transformer 400 KV Switchyard

LAVT Excitation Transformer AVR

External DC
Supply for fiel
Flashing

Field (Slip Ring) Field Breaker


Generator
GENERATOR TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Type QFSN-600-2-22G ,Shop Order No.HD282-3-12
Rated output 600MW (706)
Maximum continuous output 640MW
Rated voltage 22KV
Rated current 18.525KA
Rated power factor 0.85 lagging
Rated frequency 50Hz
Rated speed 3000r/min
Number of phases 3
Stator winding connection YY
Number of terminal 6
Insulation class F (temp. limited in B class)
Cooling mode H2O-H2-H2
Rated H2 pressure 0.45Mpa (g)
Excitation type Static Thyristor Excitation
Short circuit ratio ≥0.5
Efficiency ≥98.8%
CT/PT ratio ：
Gate of generator CT ： 25000/5
Neutral of generator CT ： 25000/5
Generator PT ： 22kV/110V/(110/1.732)V
GENERATOR PROTECTION
CLASS – A Tripping;Gen Trip,insulation failure

Generator Differential Protection 87 G


Generator Stator Earth Fault (95 % & 100% ) 64 G
Generator Reverse Power Protection 32 R-2
Generator Low impedance protection/Back up 21G
Generator Over/Under Voltage protection (U>>) 59 G
Generator over Excitation protection (U/f>>) 24 • All electrical trip.
Generator loss of Excitation protection 40 • Issues instantaneous Trip to
Generator Negative Sequence (Unbalance load )
46
Protection (I2>> Trip) a. Turbine
Generator Interturn Protection 59 N b. Excitation
c. Generator EHV CBs
d. UT LV CBs

Ex.Tr. Over current Protection (I>> Stage OPTD) 50


CLASS – B Tripping
• Turbine Trip.
Turbine Steam Valve closed/ETS trip . • Issues instantaneous Trip to
Under Frequency< 47.5 Hz(Recently shifted from
class C) a. Excitation
b. Generator EHV CBs
c. UT LV CBs
CLASS – C Tripping
Electrical Fault on Transmission line and out zone
of Switchyard
Generator pole Slipping protection`
Generator In adherent protection/Accident • Trips HV 400kv SF6 CB only
Energisation. low Forward power protection,
Reverse Power Protection(INTERLOCK WITH
TURBINE TRIP LF&RP) .

CLASS – D Tripping

Generator Over load protection (θ>>Trip) 49


Stator Cooling Water Loss   •

E.Tr.Overload Protection (θ>> Trip)


Differential Protection

Gen Diff.=Id>.221 pu ,Id>> 3.01/In,2nd slope delay=5sec


Gen Overall Diff- Id>.301 pu ,Id>> 3.51/In,2nd slope delay=5sec,Harmonic=15 %

I restrain=Max(Ip,In),Id=Ip-In ,Id=Differential current.Ip=Phase cureent ,In= neutral side current

Higher Slope compensates for transient peaks & magnetising inrush


Stator Earth Fault

.High Impedance Grounding


A)SEF 95%= Residual voltage Vo>11V,td=0.5 sec.
B)SEF 100% = 3 rd harmonic Vo>5 V,3 sec.MW>40%,U1(+VE Seq>88V)
Reason:winding &Core partially grounded
Rotor Earth Fault
 CAUSES:-
• Rotor field winding grounded –ve to earth /+ve to
earth.
• Causes magnetic unbalance/mechanical forces

Low frequency injection method

1-3 HZ frequency Generation kit added to rotor


impedance ckt.
Alarm =R<10 ohms ,td= 10 sec.
Trip= R<5 ohms, td=1 sec
Negative sequence or Unbalance fault.

 CAUSES:-
• Failure of Insulation in stator winding with next turn.
• Stator water pipes hoses leakge.

 Effects:-
• It can cause unbalance of current.
• Damage of Stator winding.

 Settings:
U> 50V. Balancing Factor :0.50 ,I2/I1>5.9%,time delay =20
sec,k=4.4,I2 =-ve seq current,I1=+ve seq current.
inter-turn fault.
59 N Neutral Voltage :50 V,Residual Volatge:2.50 V,Balancing factor >0.50,time delay :20 sec

Voltage Based
Under Excitation
CAUSES:- Excitation Transformer saturation ,AVR limter mal operation, Carbon brush wornout
Result : Gen goes out of synchronism & run asynchronouslyhigher speed .result in overheating of
stator & rotor wdg.
Protection 1. locus lying zone 3 &zone 4 impedance adjustable reach.impedance lowers as
Produced V&I at Gen Terminal is low.2. check with OC&UV.& Timer.
Xd= 1.9987 pu
Stage 1: 1/Xd >0.39 ,Angle>75 degree,Tchar 10 sec.,V residual>1.30 V

Stage 2: 1/Xd >0.35 ,Angle>90 degree,Tchar 10 sec .


Stage 3: 1/Xd >1.1 ,Angle>100 degree,Tchar 0.5 sec
Impedance Protection
Back Up Protection if any LAVT PT Maloperation for Generator.
Z1=0.60 ohm, time 0.50 sec, Zone 1b=2.74 ohm,time 0.50 sec ,Zone 2=2.28 ohm,1.80 sec.

Power Swing Alarm

Impedance Blinder: 1.60 ohm ,dz/dt>60 ohm/sec.

Slow rate of change of impedance in transmission linje due to surge,lighting ,Auto Reclose unsucessful.

Out of Step Alarm


Setting : +VE SEQUENCE CURRENT I1>88.9%,-VE SEQUENCE CURRENT I2>14.8%

Cause: Flux electrical degree change with mechanical degree.

Overexcitation
Effect : core heating
Causes : Capacitor action of generator.
U/F >1.1 PU time delay 10 sec
U/F >1.3 PU time delay 1 sec

Under Frequency

F1<47.50 hz,time delay 5 sec


F2<48.5 hz,time delay 10 sec.
Reverse Power
 CAUSES:-
GCB close ,prime over donot deliver power. Due to grid distrubance of powerswing & spike in power.
provided with 2 step function. Delay 2nd stage to avoid unnecessary tripping without turbine trip
interlock.
Result in motoring action of Generator.

Effects:-
1.Turbine blade tip worn out due to cavitation.
2.Commercial loss
 Setting: 0.63% of Rated power, Digital input for Turbine stop valve close status<1 sec.
 Turbine stop valve open status>15 sec.
Low Forward Power
CAUSES:- when steam flow is interuppted by MSV & Governor valve.Remaining steam
flow through stages of turbine deliver low power due to flow is diminished.so Low
forward trips GCB after some delay to prevent motoring action. Reverse power is
just substitute to Reverse power.
GCB close,primeover power less than permissive value.porvided with turbine trip
interlock.
Setting: 0.60% of Rated power, Power sampled >12.6%
Timedelay: 1.5 sec

In low forward power protection relay trips the generator circuit breaker when
the power delivered to the grid drops below a certain level (typical setting being
0.5% or 1% of full load). In reverse power protection relay operates immediately
after the generator starts drawing power from the grid instead of delivering
power to the grid
Accidental Energisation & inadherent Energisation
 CAUSES:-
Excitation breaker close. Field breaker accidental close. No Voltage in stator phase side winding.

Setting : U1>55 V, pickup >0.50 sec, drop out U1>5 sec.

Thermal Over load Excitaion Transformer


Setting:
In>120%,Curve K constant =0.86
Time delay<4 min.
Stator water loss

Flow: <65 toh/hour


Time delay :30 sec

Fuse Failure Alarm

You might also like