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    Construction of Plane Shapes

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    The document provides instructions for constructing various 2D shapes using simple tools and methods. It begins by having students explore relationships between quadrilaterals and their properties. Specific instructions are then given for constructing triangles, squares, rectangles, parallelograms, pentagons, hexagons, and octagons using techniques like drawing arcs with a compass. The final section provides a method for tracing an ellipse at home using string.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Construction of Plane Shapes

    Uploaded by

    blankfail
    3K views17 pages
    The document provides instructions for constructing various 2D shapes using simple tools and methods. It begins by having students explore relationships between quadrilaterals and their properties. Specific instructions are then given for constructing triangles, squares, rectangles, parallelograms, pentagons, hexagons, and octagons using techniques like drawing arcs with a compass. The final section provides a method for tracing an ellipse at home using string.

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    CONSTRUCTION OF PLANE SHAPES

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    The document provides instructions for constructing various 2D shapes using simple tools and methods. It begins by having students explore relationships between quadrilaterals and their properties. Specific instructions are then given for constructing triangles, squares, rectangles, parallelograms, pentagons, hexagons, and octagons using techniques like drawing arcs with a compass. The final section provides a method for tracing an ellipse at home using string.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3K views17 pages

    Construction of Plane Shapes

    Uploaded by

    blankfail
    The document provides instructions for constructing various 2D shapes using simple tools and methods. It begins by having students explore relationships between quadrilaterals and their properties. Specific instructions are then given for constructing triangles, squares, rectangles, parallelograms, pentagons, hexagons, and octagons using techniques like drawing arcs with a compass. The final section provides a method for tracing an ellipse at home using string.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17
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    The document discusses different types of quadrilaterals and their relationships, as well as methods for constructing various 2D shapes.

    Parallelograms, rectangles, squares, rhombi, trapezoids and kites are the different types of quadrilaterals discussed.

    Triangles, squares, rectangles, parallelograms, pentagons, hexagons, octagons and ellipses can be constructed using basic geometric tools and methods outlined in the document.

    CONSTRUCTING 2-D SHAPES

    SIMPLE INSTRUMENTS & MATERIALS


    ACTIVITY 1: UNDERSTANDING
    RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN 2-D SHAPES

    Form groups of 3s
    List the different types of quadrilaterals that you have
    learnt
    How are these related? Can you produce a graphic to
    show the relationships?
    SPECIAL QUADRILATERALS

    A parallelogram has two parallel pairs of opposite sides.
    A rectangle has two pairs of opposite sides parallel, and four 
    right angles. It is also a parallelogram, since it has two pairs of 
    parallel sides.
    A square has two pairs of parallel sides, four right angles, and 
    all four sides are equal. It is also a rectangle and a parallelogram.
    SPECIAL QUADRILATERALS

    A rhombus is defined as a parallelogram with four equal sides. 
    Is a rhombus always a rectangle? No, because a rhombus does 
    not have to have 4 right angles.

    Trapezoids only have one pair of parallel sides. It's a type of 
    quadrilateral that is not a parallelogram. (British 
    name: Trapezium)

    Kites have two pairs of adjacent sides that are equal.


    The Quadrilaterals
    ACTIVITY 2: MEASURABLE PROPERTIES

    Discuss the following question


     What properties of 2-D shapes and 3-D solids can be
    measured?
    2-D SHAPES

     What are the basic measurable properties of polygons?


    Side, perimeter, area and


    angle.
    3-D SOLIDS

     What are the basic measurable properties of 3-D solids?


    Side, surface area, volume and


    angle.
    ACTIVITY 3: UNDERSTANDING
    RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN 2-D SHAPES

    Form groups of 3s
    List the different types of quadrilaterals that you have
    learnt
    How are these related? Can you produce a graphic to
    show the relationships?
    TO CONSTRUCT A TRIANGLE
    Method of construction

    1. Draw AB, BC and CD equal


    in lengtH to the sides of
    the required triangle
    2. With centre B and radius AB
    draw the arc AF
    3. With centre C and radius CD
    draw the arc DG
    4. Where the arcs at E is an
    apex of the triangle
    5. Join BE and CE with straight
    lines to form the triangle
    BCE
    TO CONSTRUCT A SQUARE
    Method of construction

    1. Mark off one side of the square AB on the


    base line
    2. With centre A and radius AB draw the arc
    BC
    3. With centre B and radius AB draw the arc
    AD
    4. With centre E and radius AB step off F
    and G on arcs BC and AD
    respectively
    5. With centres E and F draw arcs of equal
    radius to intersect at H
    6. With centres E and G draw arcs of equal
    radius to intersect at J
    7. Erect perpendiculars AH and BJ
    8. The arcs BC and AD cut the
    perpendiculars AH and BJ at K and
    L respectively
    9. To complete the square join K and L
    TO CONSTRUCT A RECTANGLE
    Method of construction

    1. Mark off the lengths of a short side


    AB and a long side BC on the
    base line
    2. Using the constructions
    demonstrated in the previous
    examples or using a set square
    for simplicity, erect
    perpendiculars BD and CE at B
    and C
    3. With centre B and radius AB draw an
    arc to cut BD at F
    4. With centre C and radius AB draw an
    arc to cut CE at G
    5. To complete the rectangle join F and
    G with straight line


    TO CONSTRUCT A PARALLELOGRAM
    Method of construction

    1. Mark off one short side AB and one long


    side BC on the base line
    2. Draw BD at the required angle ALFA to
    the base line using an adjustable set
    square or protractor
    3. With centre B and radius AB draw an arc
    to cut BD at E
    4. With centre C and radius AB draw an arc
    5. With centre E and radius BC draw an arc
    to cut the arc drawn in (4) at F
    6. To complete the parallelogram join EF
    and CF with straight lines
    TO CONSTRUCT A PENTAGON
    Method of construction

    1. With centre O and compasses set to


    required radius draw the given
    circle
    2. Draw a vertical diameter AB and a
    tangent at A
    3. With centre A and any suitable radius
    draw a semi-circle
    4. With a protractor, divide the semi-circle
    into five equal parts (ie. same
    number as sides in the pentagon)
    and number 0-5
    5. From tangent point A draw lines through
    the points 1, 2, 3 and 4 on the semi-
    circle to cut the given circle at C, D,
    E and F
    6. Complete the pentagon by joining CDEF
    TO CONSTRUCT A HEXAGON
    Method of construction

    1. Mark off one side AB on the base line


    2. Erect perpendiculars AC and BD using one of
    the previously demonstrated
    constructions or set square
    3. With centre A and radius AB draw an arc to cut
    the base line at E
    4. With centre E and radius AB draw an arc to cut
    the previous arc (3) at G
    5. With centre B and radius AB draw an arc to cut
    the base line at F
    6. With centre F and radius AB draw an arc to cut
    the previous arc (5) at H
    7. With centre G and radius AB draw an arc to cut
    the perpendicular AC at J
    8. With centre H and radius AB draw an arc to cut
    the perpendicular BD at K
    9. To complete the hexagon join AG, GJ, JK, KH
    and HB with straight lines
    TO CONSTRUCT A OCTAGON
    Method of construction

    1. Mark off the length of one side AB on the base line


    2. Erect perpendiculars AC and BD from A and B
    respectively
    3. Bisect the angle CAG so that EA lies at 45 degree to GA
    4. Similarly, bisect the angle DBH so that BF lies at 45
    degree to BH
    5. With centre A and radius AB draw an arc to cut AE at J
    6. With centre B and radius AB draw an arc to cut BF at K
    7. Erect perpendiculars at J and K
    8. With centres J and K and radius AB draw arcs to cut the
    perpendiculars at L and M respectively
    9. With centres L and M and radius AB draw arcs to cut
    AC and BD at N and O respectively
    10. To complete the octagon join AJ, JL, LN, NO, OM, MK
    and KB with straight lines
    TRY THIS AT HOME
     To trace an ellipse,
     Identify two fixed points (thumb tacks or nails) and a fixed
    length of string whose ends are tied to the tacks.
     With a pencil, pull the string taut
     Trace out an arc all the way around the tacks
     The resulting oval shape is an ellipse!

    Read more:
    http://www.ehow.com/how_5018380_draw-perfect-ellipse-

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