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Management Science: Linear Programming: Minimization Model

The document describes a linear programming problem to minimize the cost of ingredients in a cereal while meeting vitamin requirements. The decision variables are the number of ounces of oats and rice. The objective is to minimize cost. The constraints are the minimum vitamin A and B requirements. The optimal solution found through graphical analysis is 0 ounces of oats and 8 ounces of rice, with a minimum cost of $0.24.

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Bryan Natad
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54 views

Management Science: Linear Programming: Minimization Model

The document describes a linear programming problem to minimize the cost of ingredients in a cereal while meeting vitamin requirements. The decision variables are the number of ounces of oats and rice. The objective is to minimize cost. The constraints are the minimum vitamin A and B requirements. The optimal solution found through graphical analysis is 0 ounces of oats and 8 ounces of rice, with a minimum cost of $0.24.

Uploaded by

Bryan Natad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MANAGEMENT

SCIENCE

LINEAR PROGRAMMING:
Minimization Model
Problem 3: Cost Minimization

The Munchies Cereal Company makes a cereal from several ingredients.


Two of the ingredients, oats and rice, provide vitamin A and B. The company
wants to know how many ounces of oats and rice it should include in each box
of cereal to meet the minimum requirements of 48 milligrams of vitamin A
and 12 milligrams of vitamin B while minimizing cost. An ounce of oats
contributes 8 milligrams of vitamin A and 1 miligram of vitamin B, whereas
an ounce of rice contributes 6 milligrams of A and 2 milligrams of B. An
ounce of oats costs $0.05, and an ounce of rice costs $0.03.

a. Formulate a linear programming model for this problem.


b. Solve this model by using graphical analyis.
Summary of LP Model Formulation Steps

Step 1: Define the decision variables


How many ounces of oats and rice it should include in each box of
cereal
Step 2: Define the Objective function
Minimized cost
Step 3: Define the constraints
The resources (oats and rice) available
Oats Rice Minimum
Requirement
Vitamin A (mg) 8 1 48
Vitamin B (mg) 6 2 12

Objective Function
Decision Variables Minimize cost Z= $0.05x1+$0.03x2
x1= number of ounces of oats
should be included
x2= number of ounces of rice Subject to Model Constraints
should be included 8x1 + 6x2 ≥ 48 (Vitamin A required)
x1 + 2x2 ≥ 12 (Vitamin A required)
x1,x2 ≥ 0 (nonnegativity)
GRAPHICAL SOLUTION
Model Constraints
8x1 + 6x2 ≥ 48 (vitamin A)
x1 + 2x2 ≥ 12 (vitamin B)
x1,x2 ≥ 0 (nonnegativity)

CONSTRAINTS EQUATION:
Vitamin A: 8x1 + 6x2 = 48
If x1=0, x2= 48/6, then x2= 8
If x2=0, x1= 48/8, then x1= 6
Vitamin B: x1 + 2x2 =12
If x1 =0, x2= 12/2, then x2=6
If x2 =0, x1= 12/1, then x1=12
THE OPTIMAL SOLUTION

1(8x1 + 6x2 = 48) 8x1 + 6x2 = 48


8(x1 + 2x2 =12) 8x1 + 6(4.8)= 48
8x1 = 48-28.8
8x1 = 19.2
8x1 + 6x2 = 48
x1 =2.4
-8x1 +16x2 = 96
10x2 = 48
x2 = 4.8

DETERMINING THE MINIMUM COST:


Minimized cost Z= $0.05x1+$0.03x2

Z (0,8) = $0.05(0)+$0.03(8) = $0.24


Z (2.4,4.8) = $0.05(2.4)+$0.03(4.8) = $0.264
Z (12,0) = $0.05(12)+$0.03(0) = $0.60
CONCLUSION
The minimum value of the objective function
Z= $0.24 occurs at the extreme point A (0,8)
Therefore, the optimal solution to the given
LP problem is:

x1=0 ounce of oats should be included


x2=8 ounces of rice should be included
Z= $O.24

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