CHAPTER 2

CRAFTING
THE
CURRICULUM
 THE TEACHER AS A CURRICULUM
DESIGNER
A curriculum as planned
 Every teacher as a
sequence of learning
curricularist should be involved
experiences should be at the
in designing a curriculum.
heart and mind of every
teacher.

Designing a curriculum a very challenging task.

It is here where the style and creativity of the teacher

come in.

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Desired Learning Outcomes:
 Identify the fundamentals of curriculum designing.
 Appreciate the task of designing a curriculum.

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Hello!
I am Brexter Cedeno
Reporter #1

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FUNDAMENTALS OF
CURRICULUM
DESIGNING

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 Building in Peters Oliva's 10
Axioms for Curriculum Designers
1. Curricululum change is inevitable, necessary, and
desirable.
Early it was stated that ne of the characteristics of curriculum is its
being dynamic. Because of this, teacher should respond to changes that occur
in schools and in its context. societal development and knowledge revolution
come so fast that need to address the changing condition requires new
curriculum designs.

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2. Curriculum is product of its time .
A relevant curriculum should respond to change brought about by
current social forces, philosophical position ,psychological principles
new knowledge, and educational reforms. this is also called timeliness.

3.Curriculum changes made earlier can exist concurrently with

newer curriculum changes .
A revision in a curriculum starts and ends slowly. more often,
curriculum is gradually phased in and phased out, thus the changes
that occur can coexist and oftentimes overlap for long periods of
time.

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4. Curriculum change depends in people who will implement the
change.
Teachers who will implement the curriculum should be involved on its
development , hence should know how to design a curriculum.

5. Curriculum development is a cooperative Group activity.

Group decisions in some aspect of curriculum development are suggested.
consultation with stakeholders when possible will add to a sense of ownership. even
learners should participate in some aspect of curriculum designing any significant
change in the curriculum should involve a broad range of stakeholders to gain their
understanding, support, and input.

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Hello!
I am Maricel Nugas
Reporter #2

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6. Curriculum development is a decision-making process
made from choices of alternatives.

7. Curriculum development is an on going process.

8. Curriculum development is more effective if it is a

comprehensive process, rather than a " piecemeal ".

9. Curriculum development is more effective when it follows a

systematic process.

10. curriculum development starts from where the curriculum

is.

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Major components or elements in curriculum are answers the
following questions:

1. What learning outcomes need to be achieved? (Intended Learning

Outcomes)
2. What content should be included to achieve the learning outcomes?
( Subject Matter )
3. What learning experiences and resources should be employed?
( Teaching - Learning Methods )
4. How will the achieved learning outcomes be measured?
( Assessment of AChieved Learning Outcomes )

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Hello!
I am Cindy Bert Noro
Reporter #3

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Hello!
I am Jailyn Say a
Reporter #4

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Approaches To Curriculum Designing

Types Of Curriculum Design

1.Subject-centered design
the subject-centered design corresponds mostly to the
textbook because textbooks are usually written based the
specific subjects or course..

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2.Subject design
is the oldest and so far the most familiar design for
teachers, parents and other laymen.

3.Discipline design
this curriculum design model is related to the subject
design. However, while subject design centers only on the
cluster of content, discipline design focuses on academic
disciplines

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Hello!
I am Irene Grace Heramil
Reporter #5

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1.3 Correlation design
Coming from a core, correlated curriculum design links
separate subject designs in order to reduce fragmentation.
Subject are related to one another and still maintain their
identity.
1.4 Broad field design/ interdisciplinary
This design was made to cure the compartmentalization
of the separate subject and integrate the contents that are
related to one another.

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 Hello!
I am Joriza Faye Batobalonos
Reporter #6

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 2. Learner-Centered Design
2.1 Child-centered design
- This design is often attributed to the influence of John
Dewey, Rouseau, Pestalloza and froebel.
- This curriculum design is anchored on the needs and
interests of the child.

2.2 Experience-centered design

- This design is similar to the child-centered design.
- Believes that the interests and needs of learners cannot be pre-
planned. Instead, experiences of the learners become the starting
point of the curriculum.

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2.3 Humanistic design
- The key influence in this curriculum design is Abraham
Maslow and Carl Rogers.
- Maslow's theory of self-actualization explains that a person
who achieves this level is accepting of self, others and nature;
is simple, spontaneous and natural; is open to different
experiences; possesses empathy and sympathy towards the
less fortunate among the many others.
- Carl Rogers, on the other hand, believed that a person can
enhanced self-understanding, the basic attitude to guide
behavior

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Hello!
I am Mel Ian Galope
Reporter #7

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 Problem - Centered Design

• Problem-centered design draws on social problems,

needs, interest and abilities of the learners.

•There are those that center on life situations,

contemporary life problems, areas of living and many
others.

• In this curriculum, content cuts across subject

boundaries and must be based on the needs, concerns
and abilities of the students.
T wo Examples of
Problem – Centered Design
Curriculum
 Life – Situations Design

• It uses the past and the present experiences of learners as a means to

analyze the basic areas of living.

• As a starting point, the pressing immediate problems of society and the

students existing concern are utelized.

• Based on Herbert Spencer’s curriculum writing, his emphases were activities

that sustain life, enhance life, aid in rearing children, maintain the individual’s
social and political relations and enhance leisure, task and feelings.

• The connection of subject matter to real situation increase the relevance of the
curriculum.
 Core Problem Design

• It centers on general education and the problems are

based on common human activities.

• The central focus of the core design includes common

needs, problems, and concerns of the learners.

• Popularized by France and Bossing in 1959, it prevented

ways on how to proceed using core design of a curriculum.
These are the steps:

Step 1. Make group consensus on important problems.

Step 2. Develop criteria for selection of important problem.
Step 3. State and define the problem.
Step 4. Decide on areas of study, including class grouping.
Step 5. List the needed information for resources.
Step 6. Obtain and organize information.
Step 7. Analyze and interpret the information.
Step 8. State the tentative conclusions.
Step 9. Present a report to the class individually or by group.
Step 10. Evaluate the conclusions.
Step 11. Explore other avenues for further problem solving.
Reporter #8
Hello!
I am Peter Jhon Bisaga
Reporter #8

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 Approaches to Curriculum Design
1.) Child or Learner-Centered Approach
This approach to a curriculum design is based on the
underlying philosophy that the child or the learner is the
center of the educational process. It means that the
curriculum is constructed based on the needs, interest,
purposes and abilities of the learners. The curriculum is
also built upon the learners knowledge, skills, previous
learning's and potentials.

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¤ Principles of Child-Centered Curriculum Approach
1. Acknowledge and respect the fundamental rights of the
child.
2. Make all activities revolve around the overall development
of the learner.
3. Consider the uniqueness of every learner in a multicultural
classroom.
4. Consider differentiated instruction or teaching.
5. Provide a motivating supportive learning environment for
all the learner.

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2.) Subject-Centered Approach
This is anchored on curriculum design which prescribes
separate distinct subjects for every educational level : Basic
education, Higher education or vocational-technical
education.

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This approach considers the ff. principles.
1. The primary focus is the subject matter.
2. The emphasis is on bits and pieces of information which
may be detached from life.
3. The subject matter serves as a means of identifying
problems of living.
4. Learning means accumulation of content, or knowledge.
5. Teachers role is to dispense the content.

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3.) Problem-Centered Approach
This approach is based on a design which assumes that
in the process of living, children experience problems.
Problem solving enables the learners to become
increasingly able to achieve complete or total development
as individuals

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¤ Thisapproach is characterized by the ff. views
and beliefs:
1. The learners are capable of directing and guiding themselves in
resolving problems, thus developing every learner to be
independent.
2. The learners are prepared to assume their civic responsibilities
through direct participation of diff. activities.
3. The curriculum leads the learners in the recognition of concerns
and problems in seeking solutions. Learners are problem
solvers themselves.

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Our process is easy

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Let’s review some concepts
Yellow Blue Red
Is the color of gold, butter and Is the colour of the clear sky and Is the color of blood, and
ripe lemons. In the spectrum of the deep sea. It is located because of this it has historically
visible light, yellow is found between violet and green on the been associated with sacrifice,
between green and orange. optical spectrum. danger and courage.

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, butter and Is the colour of the clear sky and Is the color of blood, and
ripe lemons. In the spectrum of the deep sea. It is located because of this it has historically
visible light, yellow is found between violet and green on the been associated with sacrifice,
between green and orange. optical spectrum. danger and courage.

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54
. Place your screenshot here

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Tablet project
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projects using these gadget

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Desktop project
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web, app or software

projects using these gadget
templates.

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Thanks!
Any questions?
You can find me at:
+ @username
+ [email protected]

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