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I/Oinc: Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

This document discusses input/output (I/O) functions in C programming. It introduces common I/O streams like stdin, stdout, and stderr. It explains how all I/O is performed through streams and covers formatted I/O functions like printf(), scanf(), getchar(), putchar(), getc(), and putc(). The document concludes by assigning students a programming task to demonstrate I/O skills.

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45 views12 pages

I/Oinc: Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

This document discusses input/output (I/O) functions in C programming. It introduces common I/O streams like stdin, stdout, and stderr. It explains how all I/O is performed through streams and covers formatted I/O functions like printf(), scanf(), getchar(), putchar(), getc(), and putc(). The document concludes by assigning students a programming task to demonstrate I/O skills.

Uploaded by

khadu khadu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

I/O in C

Lecture 6

Winter Quarter The Ohio State University Lect 6 P. 1


Gateway Engineering Education Coalition
Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Input/Output in C

• C has no built-in statements for input or output.

• A library of functions is supplied to perform these


operations. The I/O library functions are listed
the “header” file <stdio.h>.

• You do not need to memorize them, just be


familiar with them.

Winter Quarter The Ohio State University Lect 6 P. 2


Gateway Engineering Education Coalition
Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Streams
• All input and output is performed with streams.

• A "stream" is a sequence of characters organized into


lines.

• Each line consists of zero or more characters and


ends with the "newline" character.

• ANSI C standards specify that the system must


support lines that are at least 254 characters in length
(including the newline character).

Winter Quarter The Ohio State University Lect 6 P. 3


Gateway Engineering Education Coalition
Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Types of Streams in C

• Standard input stream is called "stdin" and is


normally connected to the keyboard

• Standard output stream is called "stdout" and is


normally connected to the display screen.

• Standard error stream is called "stderr" and is


also normally connected to the screen.

Winter Quarter The Ohio State University Lect 6 P. 4


Gateway Engineering Education Coalition
Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Formatted Output with printf


printf ( ) ;
• This function provides for formatted output to the
screen. The syntax is:
printf ( “format”, var1, var2, … ) ;
• The “format” includes a listing of the data types of
the variables to be output and, optionally, some text
and control character(s).
• Example:
float a ; int b ;
scanf ( “%f%d”, &a, &b ) ;
printf ( “You entered %f and %d \n”, a, b ) ;
Winter Quarter The Ohio State University Lect 6 P. 5
Gateway Engineering Education Coalition
Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Formatted Output with printf

• Format Conversion Specifiers:


d -- displays a decimal (base 10) integer
l -- used with other specifiers to indicate a "long"
e -- displays a floating point value in exponential
notation
f -- displays a floating point value
g -- displays a number in either "e" or "f" format
c -- displays a single character
s -- displays a string of characters

Winter Quarter The Ohio State University Lect 6 P. 6


Gateway Engineering Education Coalition
Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Input/Output in C
scanf ( ) ;
• This function provides for formatted input from the
keyboard. The syntax is:
scanf ( “format” , &var1, &var2, …) ;
• The “format” is a listing of the data types of the
variables to be input and the & in front of each variable
name tells the system WHERE to store the value that is
input. It provides the address for the variable.
• Example:
float a; int b;
scanf (“%f%d”, &a, &b);

Winter Quarter The Ohio State University Lect 6 P. 7


Gateway Engineering Education Coalition
Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Input/Output in C

getchar ( ) ;

• This function provides for getting exactly one


character from the keyboard.
• Example:

char ch;
ch = getchar ( ) ;

Winter Quarter The Ohio State University Lect 6 P. 8


Gateway Engineering Education Coalition
Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Input/Output in C

putchar (char) ;

• This function provides for printing exactly one


character to the screen.
• Example:

char ch;
ch = getchar ( ) ; /* input a character from kbd*/
putchar (ch) ; /* display it on the screen */

Winter Quarter The Ohio State University Lect 6 P. 9


Gateway Engineering Education Coalition
Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Input/Output in C

getc ( *file ) ;

• This function is similar to getchar( ) except the


input can be from the keyboard or a file.
• Example:
char ch;
ch = getc (stdin) ; /* input from keyboard */
ch = getc (fileptr) ; /* input from a file */

Winter Quarter The Ohio State University Lect 6 P. 10


Gateway Engineering Education Coalition
Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Input/Output in C

putc ( char, *file ) ;

• This function is similar to putchar ( ) except the


output can be to the screen or a file.
• Example:
char ch;
ch = getc (stdin) ; /* input from keyboard */
putc (ch, stdout) ; /* output to the screen */
putc (ch, outfileptr) ; /*output to a file */

Winter Quarter The Ohio State University Lect 6 P. 11


Gateway Engineering Education Coalition
Engineering H192 - Computer Programming

Today’s Assignment

• G05 asks you to write a complete C program to


prompt a user for input, receive the input, do a
calculation and print the input and the answer on
the screen.
• Then modify the program to add another
calculation and display the new result.
• Turn in a copy of both g05.cpp and g05mod.cpp

Winter Quarter The Ohio State University Lect 6 P. 12


Gateway Engineering Education Coalition

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