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    COVID-19: Brian, Fernando, Jason, Felita

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    Charson Chen
    This document provides an introduction to COVID-19 and its effects on the human body. It discusses how the virus enters the body and infects cells in the respiratory tract. It outlines common symptoms such as cough, fever, and loss of smell. It also describes the potential long term lung damage caused by severe cases. Additionally, it covers new variants that have emerged and been identified in different countries. Current treatments focus on supportive care and oxygen therapy, with dexamethasone shown to reduce mortality for critically ill patients. Vaccines target the original virus but may require updating to address new variants.

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    COVID-19: Brian, Fernando, Jason, Felita

    Uploaded by

    Charson Chen
    46 views8 pages
    This document provides an introduction to COVID-19 and its effects on the human body. It discusses how the virus enters the body and infects cells in the respiratory tract. It outlines common symptoms such as cough, fever, and loss of smell. It also describes the potential long term lung damage caused by severe cases. Additionally, it covers new variants that have emerged and been identified in different countries. Current treatments focus on supportive care and oxygen therapy, with dexamethasone shown to reduce mortality for critically ill patients. Vaccines target the original virus but may require updating to address new variants.

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    biology covid 2

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    COVID-19

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    This document provides an introduction to COVID-19 and its effects on the human body. It discusses how the virus enters the body and infects cells in the respiratory tract. It outlines common symptoms such as cough, fever, and loss of smell. It also describes the potential long term lung damage caused by severe cases. Additionally, it covers new variants that have emerged and been identified in different countries. Current treatments focus on supportive care and oxygen therapy, with dexamethasone shown to reduce mortality for critically ill patients. Vaccines target the original virus but may require updating to address new variants.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    46 views8 pages

    COVID-19: Brian, Fernando, Jason, Felita

    Uploaded by

    Charson Chen
    This document provides an introduction to COVID-19 and its effects on the human body. It discusses how the virus enters the body and infects cells in the respiratory tract. It outlines common symptoms such as cough, fever, and loss of smell. It also describes the potential long term lung damage caused by severe cases. Additionally, it covers new variants that have emerged and been identified in different countries. Current treatments focus on supportive care and oxygen therapy, with dexamethasone shown to reduce mortality for critically ill patients. Vaccines target the original virus but may require updating to address new variants.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    COVID-19

    Brian, Fernando, Jason, Felita


    Introduction of COVID-19
    Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are known to
    cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe
    diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and
    Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).

    A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was identified in 2019 in


    Wuhan, China. This is a new coronavirus that has not been
    previously identified in humans.

    This course provides a general introduction to COVID-19 and


    emerging respiratory viruses and is intended for public health
    professionals, incident managers and personnel working for the
    United Nations, international organizations and NGOs.
    Facts about COVID-19
    COVID-19 is usually transmitted by droplets of water, and even
    when it is not in a living body it can live on surfaces for days.
    Someone who is infected may possibly show zero symptoms,
    however are still able to infect others. If a person was infected
    and then recover, it doesn't guarantee that they will not be
    reinfected. People of all ages can be infected, but the elderly are
    more prone to receive worse symptoms
    How does the virus enters our
    body and affected the body
    When the virus gets in your body, it comes into contact with the mucous membranes that line your nose,
    mouth, and eyes. The virus enters a healthy cell and uses the cell to make new virus parts. It multiplies, and
    the new viruses infect nearby cells, so the virus replicate in mucous membrane, as it multiply it goes down
    the respiratory tract, inflaming the areas infected and this can range from mild cough to pneumonia.

    About 14% of COVID-19 cases are severe, with an infection that affects both lungs. As the swelling gets
    worse, your lungs fill with fluid and debris.

    You might also have more serious pneumonia. The air sacs fill with mucus, fluid, and other cells that are
    trying to fight the infection. This can make it harder for your body to take in oxygen. You may have trouble
    breathing or feel short of breath. You may also breathe faster, In critical COVID-19 cases around 5% of total
    cases the infection can damage the walls and linings of the air sacs in your lungs. As your body tries to fight
    it, your lungs become more inflamed and fill with fluid. This can make it harder for them to swap oxygen
    and carbon dioxide.

    You might have severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In the most critical cases,
    your lungs need help from a machine called a ventilator to do their job.

    There’s evidence that 20-30% of the critically ill patients can develop clots in the lungs, heart, brain and legs,
    some of which are life threatening.
    Depends on how severe it is, you might still have coughs after recovering from COVID, and others have scars
    in their lungs, which might potentially be a permanent damage.
    Symptoms of the COVID-19
    According to a study from researchers at King's College London, 6 Symptom Clusters exist. Each
    seperated clusters differ in their severity and their need for respiratory support during hospitalization.
    • “Flu-like” with no fever: Headache, loss of smell, muscle pains, cough, sore throat, chest pain, no
    fever

    • “Flu-like” with fever: Headache, loss of smell, cough, sore throat, hoarseness, fever, loss of appetite

    • Gastrointestinal: Headache, loss of smell, loss of appetite, diarrhea, sore throat, chest pain, no cough

    • Severe, level 1 with fatigue: Headache, loss of smell, cough, fever, hoarseness, chest pain, fatigue

    • Severe, level 2 with confusion: Headache, loss of smell, loss of appetite, cough, fever, hoarseness,
    sore throat, chest pain, fatigue, confusion, muscle pain

    • Severe, level 3 with abdominal and respiratory pain: Headache, loss of smell, loss of appetite, cough,
    fever, hoarseness, sore throat, chest pain, fatigue, confusion, muscle pain, shortness of breath,
    diarrhea, abdominal pain

    Categorizing the symptoms according to these 6 clusters allow doctors to predict who is most at risk
    and helps greatly with the clinical management of COVID-19
    The new variants of the
    COVID-19
    • Virus has genetic code. Inside a virus, there are nucleotides
    that form their genetic sequence. What happens when a new
    variant appear is, when replicating itself, a mistake happens
    during the replication process.
    • These new variants are actually quite frequent, however most
    of the changes does not affect the behavior or the effects of
    the virus.
    • Some change makes the virus weaker, these strains are less
    likely to infect or survive, thus they will eventually die out
    • However some strains become slightly stronger, or slightly
    more resistant, these strains are more likely to spread and
    multiply
    Variants that has been
    identified
    • From United Kingdom first detected in the fall of 2020
    • Spreads more easily
    • Increase chance of death
    • From South Africa first detected early October 2020
    • From Brazil first detected early January 2021
    • May affect its ability to be recognized by antibodies
    • lineages From California first detected early summer 2020
    • Increase infectivity
    • More transmissible
    Possible cure for the COVID-19
    • As of now, the vaccines are designed to be
    effective against the variants in most cases,
    however it's not a guarantee, a new strain
    might appear which the vaccines does not
    work on.
    • That is why we must reduce the number of
    cases by following the safety protocol. If we
    reduce the amount of cases, the chance that
    a new dangerous strain will appear will be
    much lower and we can eventually stop the
    spread of COVID-19 faster.
    • Optimal supportive care includes oxygen for
    severely ill patients and those who are at risk
    for severe disease and more advanced
    respiratory support such as ventilation for
    patients who are critically ill.
    • Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid that can
    help reduce the length of time on a ventilator
    and save lives of patients with severe and
    critical illness.

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