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Name: Talha Jabbar S/O Abdul Jabbar Roll No: Fa-20-Bsse-196 Section: B

The document contains information about integration and indefinite integrals. It defines integration as the reverse process of differentiation, where integrals are anti-derivatives or reverse derivatives. It discusses the types of integrals as indefinite integrals and definite integrals. It also provides definitions and explanations of indefinite integrals, antiderivatives, and the common integral rules like constant rule, power rule, and sum and difference rule. Examples are given to demonstrate calculating indefinite integrals using substitution methods.

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Talha Jabbar
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73 views16 pages

Name: Talha Jabbar S/O Abdul Jabbar Roll No: Fa-20-Bsse-196 Section: B

The document contains information about integration and indefinite integrals. It defines integration as the reverse process of differentiation, where integrals are anti-derivatives or reverse derivatives. It discusses the types of integrals as indefinite integrals and definite integrals. It also provides definitions and explanations of indefinite integrals, antiderivatives, and the common integral rules like constant rule, power rule, and sum and difference rule. Examples are given to demonstrate calculating indefinite integrals using substitution methods.

Uploaded by

Talha Jabbar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: TALHA JABBAR

S/O ABDUL JABBAR


Roll No: Fa-20-bsse-196
Section: B

LAHORE GARRISON UNIVERSITY Prepared By: Talha Jabbar


CALCULUS & ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY

TOPIC: INTEGRATION & INDEFINITE INTEGRALS


Table of Contents

 History
 Definition and Types
 Indefinite Integrals
 Definition
 Explanation
Common Integrals
 Constant Rule
 Power Rule
 Sum and Difference Rule
 Substitution Method
 Examples
History of Integration

• The principles of
integration were
formulated
independently by Isaac
Newton and Gottfried
Wilhelm Leibniz in the
late 17th century.
 DEFINITION

Integration is the reverse process of differentiation.


So you can simply say Integrals are anti-derivatives
or reverse-derivatives.

 TYPES

1- Indefinite Integrals
2- Definite Integrals
Antiderivative/
Indefinite Integral
 Definition

A function F is called an antiderivative (also an


indefinite integral) of a function f if

F’(x) = f (x )

• The process of finding the antiderivative of a


given function is called anti-differentiation
or integration.
Find all possible functions
F(x) whose derivative is
f(x) = 2x+1

F(x) = x 2 + x + 5
F(x) = x 2 + x – 1000 F(x) = x 2 + x
F(x) = x 2 + x + 1/8
F(x) = x 2 + x - π
Why We Add C ?

The derivative of a constant is 0. However,


when you integrate, you should consider that
there is a possible constant involved, but we
don’t know what it is for a particular
problem. Therefore, you can just use C to
represent value.
The symbol ʃ denotes the operation of
anti-differentiation, and we write

ʃ f(x)dx = F(x) + c

where F’(x)=f(x), and c is an arbitrary


constant.
This is read “The indefinite integral of
f(x) with respect to x is F(x) + c"
 COMMON INTEGRALS

 •
ʃ k dx = k x + c (Constant Rule)
• ʃ xn dx = xn+1/n+1 + c , n (Power Rule)
• ʃ 1/x dx = ln(x) + c
• ʃ 1/ax+b dx = 1/a ln(ax+b) + c
• ʃ ex dx = ex + c
• ʃ cos x dx = sin x + c
• ʃ sin x dx = -cos x + c
• ʃ sec2x dx = tan x + c
• ʃ csc2x dx = -cot x + c
• ʃ sec x tan x dx = sec x + c
• ʃ csc x cot x dx = -csc x + c
• ʃ tan x dx = ln(sec x) + c
• ʃ sec x tax = ln(sec x + tan x) + c
 Example 1

ʃ ( x – 2x + 5 )dx
2

= ʃ x2 dx – 2ʃx dx + 5ʃdx (Sum and Difference Rule)

= x3/3 – 2x2/2 + 5x + C

= x3/3 – x2 + 5x + C
Example 2
 
ʃ 7 sin(

Substitute x=Ө/3 , (Substitution Method)


Take differential on both sides,
dx = dӨ/3
dӨ = 3dx
So,
=7 sin x .3dx
=21 sin x dx
=21(-cos x)
Back Substitution,
= -21cos(Ө/3) + c
 Example 3

ʃ (sin x – cos x)2 dx


= ʃ (sin2x + cos2x – 2sin x cos x) dx
= ʃ [(1- cos2x) + cos2x – 2sin x cos x) dx
= ʃ (1 – cos2x + cos2x – 2sin x cos x) dx
= ʃ (1 – 2sin x cos x) dx
= ʃ 1 dx – 2ʃ sin x cos x dx
= x – 2 sin2x/2 + c
= x – sin2x + c
Thank You For
Your Time

ANY QUESTIONS???

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