Soldering 101

A Really HOT Topic

 Soldering
• The process of making an electrical connection
by melting low-temperature metal alloys around
component leads
• Soldering is just as much an “Art” as it is a
“Science”
• We will:
– Go over some soldering vocabulary
– Illustrate graphically soldering techniques
– Solder a few components on the TV Remote board
– Complete the board as homework
 Soldering Process in Brief
1. Turn on soldering iron and let it get to temperature
2. Clean soldering tip with a damp cloth or sponge
3. Install the component and hold in place with a physical
connection
4. Heat the component lead and the adjacent circuit board
pad – apply the right amount of heat (art)
5. Touch solder to the component lead and pad - melt the
right amount of solder (art)
6. Remove solder
7. Remove heat (art)
8. Hold steady until cool
9. Inspect the connection (art and good eye)
 Vocabulary
• Circuit Board
• PCB
• Components
• Component side
• IC socket
• Pins
 Vocabulary
• Point-to-Point wiring
• Physical (mechanical)
connections
• Lugs
• Component leads
• Junctions
 Vocabulary
• Component side
• Component outline
• Silk screen
• Double sided circuit
board (top side)
• Top trace
• Solder mask
 Vocabulary
• Double sided circuit
board bottom side
• Solder pads
• Through hole
• Foil trace
• Pad
• Ground plain
• Soldering side
• Multi-layer board
 Vocabulary
• Surface mount
component
• Pitch
• Pin #1 designation on
IC
 Vocabulary
• Tinning
• Wetting
• Surface tension
• Flow
 Vocabulary
• Connection
• Volcano
• Shine or sheen
• Dull or crusty
• Cold solder joint
• Tack-solder
 Vocabulary
• Soldering Iron
• Tip
• Soldering Station
• Tip cleaning surface
 Solder Types
• Rosin core and Flux
– Flux type is used for household soldering
– Rosin core is used for electrical wiring (reduced corrosion
potential)
• Rosin and flux are chemical compounds that clean the
metal surfaces that are being soldered
– The rosin or flux melts first to contact the joint
– The rosin or flux float the impurities away from the metal
surfaces and to the top surface of the solder joint
– Produces the smoke you will see associated with soldering
• You will be using rosin core solder
 Rosin Core Solder
• Outer tube of low
melting alloy
– Tin
– Lead
• (Industry is moving
toward lead-free)
– Silver
– Copper
– Other specialized
metals
• Inner core is the rosin
Solder Specifications by % Alloy
 Soldering Process in Brief (again)
1. Turn on soldering iron and let it get to temperature
2. Clean soldering tip with a damp cloth or sponge
3. Install the component and hold in place with a physical
connection
4. Heat the component lead and the adjacent circuit board
pad – apply the right amount of heat (art)
5. Touch solder to the component lead and pad - melt the
right amount of solder (art)
6. Remove solder
7. Remove heat (art)
8. Hold steady until cool
9. Inspect the connection (art and good eye)
 Soldering Process
• Insert component
from the “component
side” of the PCB and
bend leads out to
physically hold the
component steady
and in place
• When you can’t bend
leads – “Tack Solder”
one lead to hold
component in place
 Soldering Process
• Touch the tip to the
component lead AND
the pad
• Apply just enough
heat
– TLAR (That Looks
About Right)
Soldering Process
 Soldering Process
• When you have
headed the joint just
the right amount
(TLAR) touch solder
to lead and pad (not
to the tip)
– Do as I say, not as I
do!
– Why I sometimes will
use the tip?
 Soldering Process
• The melting solder
will flow around the
joint
– Called wetting
– Surface tension will
produce a nice
“Volcano” looking joint
• Keep the tip in place
until TLAR
 Soldering Process
• Remove solder then tip
and allow joint to cool
– Hold steady while cooling
• Inspect for good joint
(TLAR)
– Reheat “cold solder” joints
• Clip and remove excess
leads (safety first, watch
for flying leads)
 Good vs. Bad Solder Joints
• Cold solder joints are
probably the cause of
most circuit problems!
• You need to use
caution not to
overheat a joint
(TLAR)
– But don’t get overly
concerned except for
the most delicate
components
 Some Safety Concerns
• Don’t solder while circuit is powered
• Use well ventilated and lighted work space
• Don’t touch the solder tip – it’s hot (dahhh)
• Static discharge protection – not a hazard
for you but can trash some sensitive
components
• Watch for flying leads when clipping
excess
 Your Turn
• We’ll solder a couple of components on
the TV Remote board
• Complete the board over the evening
• FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS ON THE
CD-ROM!!!!!
• Don’t get anxious – don’t power the board
until inspected
• Return tomorrow for board inspection