Lesson 3 The Self From The Perspective of Psychology

THE SELF FROM THE
PERSPECTIVE OF
PSYCHOLOGY
Lesson 3
A.Y 2020-2021, Second Semester
WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY?
• Psychology is the scientific study
of human behavior and mental
processes.
Four goals of
Psychology 1. Describe
2. Explain
3. Predict
4. Modify
Psychology is concerned on:
• How individuals develop and mature
at different life stages
• concepts such as consciousness,
memory and reasoning
• how the individual and his
environment shape his personality
• how we think, behave and feel in
certain situations
• mental heath and mental illnesses
• character strengths, coping,
happiness and well-being
• Nature-Nurture Controversy
 Some psychologists believed that “nature” controls the
behavior, feelings and personality of human being while the
other psychologists looked into the importance of “nurture” or
environment which could mold a child.
SELF AS A COGNITIVE
CONSTRUCTION
• The cognitive aspect of the self is
known as self-concept.
• Self-concept is defined as self-
knowledge, a cognitive structure
that includes beliefs about
personality traits, physical
characteristics, abilities, values,
goals, and roles, as well as the
knowledge that an individual exist
as individuals.
• As humans grow and develop,
self-concept becomes abstract and
more complex.
There are known psychologists who
explained their ideas of the self based on
psychological perspectives.
WILLIAM JAMES
• He was an American philosopher
and psychologists.
• He also known as “ Father of
American Psychology”.
• William James believed that the self
is made up of two parts:
1. ME Self
2. I Self
1
“I” SELF
• refers to the self that knows who he or she is
• reflects the soul of a person or the mind which
is also called the pure ego ( thinking self).
• The subject of experience.
A sense of being the agent or initiator of
behavior
 A sense of being unique
 A sense of continuity
 A sense of awareness.
“ME” SELF
• The object of experience. - the self is an
object or the self you can describe.
• The Me Self (empirical self) is divided into
three components:
1. Material Self
2. Social Self
3. Spiritual Self
MATERIAL SELF SOCIAL SELF SPIRITUAL SELF
 Individuals’ physical  To who a person is and  Most intimate and
attributes and material how he or she acts in important part of the
possessions that social situations self that includes the
contribute to one’s self-  Awareness of others’ person’s purpose, core
image. perceptions values, conscience and
 Awareness of physical moral behavior
appearance Requires introspection
CARL ROGERS
• He was an American psychologist and
among the founders of the humanistic
approach to psychology.
• He agreed with Abraham Maslow’s Self-
Actualization and contended that for a
person to “grow” he must need an
environment that can provide him with
genuineness or openness and self-
disclosure.
2
• He proposed the personality theory known as the Person- Centered
Theory.
 He stated that the term self-concept is used to refer to how a
person thinks about or perceives himself.
 Two types of self-concept:
1. Real self-concept
2. Ideal self-concept
REAL SELF
• consists of all the ideas, including the
awareness of what one is and what one can do
• Who we actually are
• Real self is our SELF-IMAGE.
IDEAL SELF
• The person’s conception of what one should
be or what one aspires to be which includes
one’s goals and ambitions in life
• An idealized image that we have developed
over time based on what we have learned and
experienced.
• Who or what I want to be
DONNALD
WINNICOT
• He was an English pediatrician and
psychoanalyst who studied child
development.
• Two aspects of the self:
1. True Self
2. False Self
4
TRUE SELF
• has a sense of integrity
• characterized by high level of awareness
in the person of who he is, what is he
capable of, and is not afraid to let others
know his weaknesses and imperfections.
FALSE SELF
• It is the mask that hides the true person
for fear of the pain of rejection and failure.
• False selves usually surface when the
person is forced to comply with existing
social norms and standards.
ALBERT BANDURA • Albert Bandura is the proponent of the
personality theory known as The Social
Learning Theory.
 In this theory, the person is seen as
(1) proactive and (2) agentic
The human agency according to
Bandura is the essence of being human.
4
FOUR FEATURES OF HUMAN AGENCY
1. Intentionality – actions performed with full awareness that
involves planning with awareness of the possible consequences of
actions
2. Forethought – person’s anticipation of likely outcomes of his
behavior
3. Self-reactiveness – person is motivated and regulates his behavior
as he observes his progress in achieving his goals
4. Self-reflectiveness – evaluate his motivations, values , life goals
and other people’s effect on him

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What are the four goals of psychology according to the passage?

What are the two aspects of self according to William James?

THE SELF FROM THE

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