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Knapsack Problem

The knapsack problem involves selecting items to place in a knapsack of limited weight capacity to maximize the total value of items while not exceeding the weight limit. There are two variants: the fractional knapsack problem allows items to be divisible while the 0/1 knapsack problem does not. The fractional knapsack problem is solved using a greedy approach by sorting items by their value/weight ratio and placing items in order until the knapsack is full.

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Vijay Trivedi
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354 views11 pages

Knapsack Problem

The knapsack problem involves selecting items to place in a knapsack of limited weight capacity to maximize the total value of items while not exceeding the weight limit. There are two variants: the fractional knapsack problem allows items to be divisible while the 0/1 knapsack problem does not. The fractional knapsack problem is solved using a greedy approach by sorting items by their value/weight ratio and placing items in order until the knapsack is full.

Uploaded by

Vijay Trivedi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KNAPSACK PROBLEM

• You are given the following-


• A knapsack (kind of shoulder bag) with limited weight capacity.
• Few items each having some weight and value.

• The problem states-


• Which items should be placed into the knapsack such that-
• The value or profit obtained by putting the items into the
knapsack is maximum.
• And the weight limit of the knapsack does not exceed.
KNAPSACK PROBLEM
KNAPSACK PROBLEM
• Knapsack Problem Variants-
• Knapsack problem has the following two
variants-

• Fractional Knapsack Problem


• 0/1 Knapsack Problem
Fractional Knapsack Problem-

• In Fractional Knapsack Problem,


• As the name suggests, items are divisible here.
• We can even put the fraction of any item into the
knapsack if taking the complete item is not possible.
• It is solved using Greedy Method.
Fractional Knapsack Problem Using Greedy Method-

• Step-01:
•  
• For each item, compute its value / weight ratio.
•  
• Step-02:
•  
• Arrange all the items in decreasing order of their value / weight ratio.
•  
• Step-03:
•  
• Start putting the items into the knapsack beginning from the item with the
highest ratio.
• Put as many items as you can into the knapsack.
Time Complexity-
• The main time taking step is the sorting of all items in
decreasing order of their value / weight ratio.
• If the items are already arranged in the required order,
then while loop takes O(n) time.
• The average time complexity of Quick Sort is O(nlogn).
• Therefore, total time taken including the sort is O(nlogn).
Problem-

• For the given set of items and knapsack capacity = 60 kg, find the
optimal solution for the fractional knapsack problem making use of
greedy approach.
Solution-

• Step-01:

• Compute the value / weight ratio for each


item-
Solution-

• Step-02:
•  
• Sort all the items in decreasing order of their
value / weight ratio- 
• I1 I2 I5 I4 I3
• (6) (4) (3.6) (3.5) (3)
Solution-

• Step-03:
• Start filling the knapsack by putting the items
into it one by one.
solution
• Now,
• Knapsack weight left to be filled is 20 kg but item-4 has
a weight of 22 kg.
• Since in fractional knapsack problem, even the fraction
of any item can be taken.
• So, knapsack will contain the following items-
• < I1 , I2 , I5 , (20/22) I4 >
• Total cost of the knapsack
• = 160 + (20/27) x 77
• = 160 + 70
• = 230 units

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