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    Wetprocessing 130705232548 Phpapp01

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    satex
    Pretreatment processes like desizing, scouring, bleaching, and mercerizing are important steps in textile processing. Desizing removes starch sizes from warp yarns using enzymes or chemicals. Scouring removes natural and added impurities like oils, waxes, and dust to make fabrics hydrophilic and clean. Bleaching removes natural colors using oxidizing or reductive agents. Mercerizing improves properties of cotton like luster, strength, and dye uptake by treating it with concentrated caustic soda solution. These pretreatment steps prepare fabrics for downstream processing and finishing.

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    Wetprocessing 130705232548 Phpapp01

    Uploaded by

    satex
    25 views23 pages
    Pretreatment processes like desizing, scouring, bleaching, and mercerizing are important steps in textile processing. Desizing removes starch sizes from warp yarns using enzymes or chemicals. Scouring removes natural and added impurities like oils, waxes, and dust to make fabrics hydrophilic and clean. Bleaching removes natural colors using oxidizing or reductive agents. Mercerizing improves properties of cotton like luster, strength, and dye uptake by treating it with concentrated caustic soda solution. These pretreatment steps prepare fabrics for downstream processing and finishing.

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    Pretreatment processes like desizing, scouring, bleaching, and mercerizing are important steps in textile processing. Desizing removes starch sizes from warp yarns using enzymes or chemicals. Scouring removes natural and added impurities like oils, waxes, and dust to make fabrics hydrophilic and clean. Bleaching removes natural colors using oxidizing or reductive agents. Mercerizing improves properties of cotton like luster, strength, and dye uptake by treating it with concentrated caustic soda solution. These pretreatment steps prepare fabrics for downstream processing and finishing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    25 views23 pages

    Wetprocessing 130705232548 Phpapp01

    Uploaded by

    satex
    Pretreatment processes like desizing, scouring, bleaching, and mercerizing are important steps in textile processing. Desizing removes starch sizes from warp yarns using enzymes or chemicals. Scouring removes natural and added impurities like oils, waxes, and dust to make fabrics hydrophilic and clean. Bleaching removes natural colors using oxidizing or reductive agents. Mercerizing improves properties of cotton like luster, strength, and dye uptake by treating it with concentrated caustic soda solution. These pretreatment steps prepare fabrics for downstream processing and finishing.

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    of 23

    Pretreatment:

     Pretreatment is a heart of processing of textile.


    In Pretreatment, all these impurities are
    removed and fabric is brought to a stage where
    it is more absorbent and white and can be
    easily processed further.
    All the processes of this stream are carried out in
    an aqueous state or aqueous medium. The
    main processes of this section include :
    • singeing
    • Desizing
    • Scouring
    • Bleaching
    • Mercerizing
    Desizing:
    • Desizing is the process or removing the starch
    or size the covering the warp yarn using 
    enzyme. Oxidizing agent, or other chemicals.
    There are three types of technique in desizing 
    and four method of desizing that has been
    used.
    Objectives Of Desizing:

    •  To eliminate the water repellent nature of sized cloth.
    • To increase the absorbency.
    • To reduce the consumption of chemicals in subsequent
    process.
    Technique of desizing:
    DesizingMethods:

    • Enzymatic Desizing.
    • Oxidative Desizing.
    • Acid Steeping/Desizing.
    • Rot Steein.
    • Desizing with hot caustic soda treatment.
    • Hot washing with detergent.
    • Removable of water soluble sizes.
    • Atmospheric Plasma Desizing.
    Figure of desizing:
    Scouring:
    • Scouring is the process by which all natural and
    additive impurities such as oil, wax, fat, hand
    dust etc. are removed to produce hydrophilic
    and clean textile material. It is one of the vital
    processes of wet processing.
    Objects of Scouring:

     To make the fabric highly hydrophilic.


     To remove impurities such as oils, waxes, gum,
    husks as nearly as possible.
     To increase absorbency of fabric or textile
    materials without physical and chemical
    damage.
     To produce a clean material by adding alkali. To
    make the fabric ready for next process. To
    remove non-cellulosic substance in case of
    cotton.
    Chemicals used in scouring
    process:
    Main chemicals Use

    Caustic soda Neutralize acidic materials, saponify


    glycerides (waxes and oil),solubilise
    silicates
    Surfactants Reduce surface tension & minimize
    interfacial tension.
    Detergents Emulsify oil, fats, waxes and remove oil-
    borne stains.
    Chelating agent Deactivate metal ions.

    Sodium silicate Penetrate & break drown lignin's.

    Soda ash Maintain pH.

    Solvent Assist emulsification by dissolving oily


    materials.
    Bleaching:

    • Bleaching is chemical treatment employed for


    the removal of natural coloring matter from the
    substrate. The material appears whiter after
    the bleaching.
    The aim of bleaching can be
    described as following: 
    • Removal of colored impurities. 
    •  Removal of the seed coats. 
    •  Minimum tendering of fibre. 
    •  Technically reliable & simple mode of
    operation. 
    •  Low chemical & energy consumption. 
    •  Increasing the degree of whiteness.
    Type of Bleaching Agents:

     Oxidative Bleaching Agents


     Reductive Bleaching Agents
     Enzymatic Bleaching Agents
    Comparison of Bleaching
    Efficiency:
    pH Temp. Time Wax Ash Fluidity %Reflect.
    NaOCl 11 40 0C 2h 0.23 0.05 6.2 83

    NaClO2 3.8 98 0C 2h 0.21 0.02 6 86

    H 2O2 10.5 90 0C 2h 0.09 0.41 5.1 90


    Image of Bleaching:
    Mercerizing:
    • Mercerization is one of the most important
    finishing processes of cotton with a strong
    caustic alkaline solution in order to improve the
    lustre, hand and other properties. It imports
    gloss to the fiber, increases its hygroscopicity,
    strength and improves its dye affinity.
    Mercerizing improves the reactions with a
    variety of chemicals and elongation of the fibres
    and also improves the stability of form.
    Mercerizing process consists in treatment of
    cellulosic materials with concentrated solutions
    of caustic soda at a temperature of 15 to 18°C.
    Purpose of mercerizing:

    1.To improve the lusture.


    2.To improve the strength.
    3. To improve the dye uptake and moisture
    regain.
    Effect of Mercerization:
     Improve Luster.
      Increase ability to absorb dye.
      Improve reaction with a verity of chemicals.
      Improve stability of form.
      Improve strength/elongation.
      Improve smoothness.
      It has been shown that the increase in the luster occurs
    because of an effect.
      The cotton fiber do convoluted.
      The cross-sectional shape changes.
    Factors of Mercerizing:
    • In mercerizing followings are important:
    Twaddle
    • Temperature
    • Tension
    • Time
    luster of yarn after mercerization:
    Image of Mercerizing M/C:

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