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Presentation On,: "Water Pollution"

Water pollution occurs when harmful substances affect the quality of water resources. There are various types of water pollution including point source pollution from pipes or ditches, non-point source pollution from diffuse sources like agricultural runoff, and groundwater pollution from contaminants that leach into aquifers. Water pollution can be caused by clearing land, sewage, factories, mining, agriculture, and more. It harms both humans and aquatic life and effective treatment and control methods are needed.

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Suman Palanichamy
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147 views45 pages

Presentation On,: "Water Pollution"

Water pollution occurs when harmful substances affect the quality of water resources. There are various types of water pollution including point source pollution from pipes or ditches, non-point source pollution from diffuse sources like agricultural runoff, and groundwater pollution from contaminants that leach into aquifers. Water pollution can be caused by clearing land, sewage, factories, mining, agriculture, and more. It harms both humans and aquatic life and effective treatment and control methods are needed.

Uploaded by

Suman Palanichamy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presentation On,

“Water Pollution”
What are the things we have to
learn in water pollution?
• What is water Pollution?
• What are the types of water pollution?
• What are the causes of water pollution?
• What are the sources of water pollution?
• What is waste water treatment & what are its types?
• What are the control measures of water pollution?
Water
Water covers 70.9% of
the Earth's surface.

The amount of fresh water


accounts for 2.6%, which is vital
for all forms of life.
Surface Water

Surface water
  is  water  collecting on the
ground or in a stream, river, lake,
wetland, or ocean; it is related to
water as collecting
groundwater or atmospheric
water.
Ground water
Groundwater is  water 
located beneath the ground
surface in soil pore spaces
and in the fractures of rock
formations. A unit of rock or
an unconsolidated deposit is
called an aquifer when it can
yield a usable quantity of
water.
What is water pollution?
Water Pollution
Simple Definition,
Water pollution is
the contamination of water
bodies.
(e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans,
groundwater).
Definition
“The Alteration in
Physical, Chemical and
Biological
characteristics of
water which may
cause harmful effects
on humans and
aquatic life”
Types of Water pollution

Water
Pollution

Surface water Ground water


pollution pollution

Non point
Point sources
sources
Point Sources
 Point source
pollution refers to
contaminants that enter
a waterway through a
discrete conveyance,
such as a pipe or ditch.
Point Sources
 The various types of point-
source pollutants found in
waters are as varied as the
types of business, industry,
and urban sources that
produce them.
Point Sources
 Clearing of land can lead to erosion of soil
into the river. 
 Sewage generated by industry can get into
the water supply, introducing large organic
pollutants into the ecosystem.
 Factories, including oil refineries, pulp and
paper mills, and chemical, electronics and
automobile manufacturers, typically
discharge one or more pollutants in their
discharged waters (called effluents).
Point Sources

 Thermal pollution is the rise or fall in the temperature of


a natural body of water caused by human influence. A
common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water
as a coolant by power plants and industrial
manufacturers.
Thermal pollution
Thermal pollution
 Thermal pollution can kill
fish outright, block fish
migrations, cause the
growth of nuisance
species, and create other
problems as well.
Non Point Sources
 Non-point source (NPS) pollution refers to
diffuse contamination that does not
originate from a single discrete source.
 NPS pollution is often the cumulative effect
of small amounts of contaminants
gathered from a large area.
 Example:- The leaching out
of nitrogen compounds from agricultural
land which has been fertilized is a typical
example
Non Point Sources
Non Point Sources

 Agriculture, including commercial livestock and


poultry farming, is the source of many organic and
inorganic pollutants in surface waters and
groundwater.
 These contaminants include both sediment from
erosion cropland and compounds of phosphorus and
nitrogen that partly originate in animal wastes and
commercial fertilizers. 
Non Point Sources

 Nutrient runoff in 
storm water from "sheet
flow" over an
agricultural field or
a forest are also cited as
examples of NPS
pollution.
Non Point Sources

Contaminated storm water washed


off of parking lots, 
roads and highways, called urban
runoff, is sometimes included
under the category of NPS
pollution.
Non Point Sources
 Mining operations can
generate significant
amounts of non-point
source pollution.

 Abandoned mining
operations can leach iron
and other chemicals such as
copper, lead and mercury
into nearby water bodies
Non Point Sources

 Garbage dumps get washed


away due to heavy rains and
floods and get stagnated in
the nearby water bodies.
Non Point Sources

• The run offs due to rain,


from places like parking
lots and garages may
contain pollutants.
• The pollutants in this
runoff can be quite
harmful. 
Ground Water Pollution

 Ground water is one of


the pure forms of water
stored in the aquifers
(space between the
rocks).
 Ground water pollution
refers to the
contamination of the
ground water present in
the aquifers.
Ground Water Pollution
 Fertilizers and pesticides applied
to crops eventually may reach
underlying aquifers, particularly
if the aquifer is shallow and not
"protected" by an overlying layer
of low permeability material,
such as clay. Drinking-water
wells located close to cropland
sometimes are contaminated by
Ground Water Pollution

 The U.S. Environmental


Protection Agency (EPA) has
recorded that there have been
over 400,000 confirmed
releases of petroleum-based
fuels from leaking
underground storage tanks.
Eutrophication

 Eutrophication is an increase
in the concentration of
nutrient content to an extent
that increases the primary
productivity of the water body.
 It is the "bloom" or great
increase of phytoplankton in a
water body.
Eutrophication
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTON

 The food chain is damaged.


 Diseases can spread via polluted water.
 Acid rain.
 Pollutants in the water will alter the overall chemistry of
water.
 Marine food sources are contaminated.
 Altered water temperatures can kill marine life.
Effects on human health

 Cancer
 Kidney stone formation
 Organ Failure
 Nervous Damage
 Tooth Decay
Effects on human
health

 Skin Irritation
 Infection
 Birth Defects and Fertility Problems (Male
and Female)
 Susceptibility to H1N1 (Swine Flu)
WASTE WATER TREATMENT
PLANTS
WASTE WATER TREATMENT
PLANTS
Waste water treatment
• Pre treatment

• Primary treatment

• Secondary treatment

• Tertiary treatment

• Disinfection

• Odour Control
Waste water treatment
Water treatment Process
Preliminary Treatment:
In this treatment, coarse solids and

suspended impurities are removed by passing

the waste water through bar and mesh

screens.
Water treatment
Process
•Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding
the sewage in a quiescent basin where heavy solids can

settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids

float to the surface. The settled and floating materials are

removed and the remaining liquid may be discharged or

subjected to secondary treatment.


Water treatment Process

•Secondary treatment removes dissolved and


suspended biological matter. Secondary
treatment is typically performed by
indigenous, water-borne micro-organisms in a
managed habitat. Secondary treatment may
require a separation process to remove the
micro-organisms from the treated water prior
to discharge or tertiary treatment.
Trickling Filter
Activated Sludge process
Water treatment Process

• Tertiary treatment is sometimes defined as


anything more than primary and secondary
treatment. Treated water is sometimes disinfected
chemically or physically (for example, by lagoons
and microfiltration) prior to discharge into a
stream, river, bay, lagoon or wetland, or it can be
used for the irrigation of a golf course, green way
or park. If it is sufficiently clean, it can also be used
for groundwater recharge or agricultural purposes.
Suggestions

Never dump anything into city street drains.


Check your vehicle for any leaks that could
pollute waterways when flushed down city
drains.
Don't let water run while you are washing or
brushing your teeth
Replace taps with water-saving models.
Don't dump unwanted prescriptions down the
toilet or the drain
CONCLUSION

You are the solution to


the pollution
Seminar on
“Water Pollution”
Presented By ,

P.Suman,
08BEME121,
Mech ‘b’ Sec,
Karpagam University.

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