Unit 4

Music
The Power of Music
Movie Magic
In this unit, you will:
• Read about the brain responds to music and how
guitars are made.
• Learn about some features of technical description.
• Increase your understanding of the target academic
words for this unit.
 Self-Assessment of Target Words
• Read the target words of this unit in the objectives box above. Think
carefully about how well you know each word. Then, write each word in
the appropriate column in this chart. When you have finished this unit,
come back and reassess your knowledge of the target words.

I have never I have seen I understand I have tried I use the I use the
seen the the word but the word to use the word with word with
word before I am not sure when I see or word, but I confidence in confidence
what it hear it in a am not sure I either both in
means sentence am using it speaking or speaking and
correctly writing writing
Reading 1:
Before You Read
Read these questions. Discuss your answers in small groups.
1. All cultures have music, but cultures and individuals
disagree on what sounds good. Is there any kind of music
that sounds good to most people?
Reading 1:
Before You Read
Read these questions. Discuss your answers in small groups.
2. What kind of music do you like most? What makes this
music interesting to you?
Reading 1:
Before You Read
Read these questions. Discuss your answers in small groups.
3. Do you think there will someday be a pill that can make
people more creative? Would you take it?
Reading 1: Read
Why Does Music Move Us?
• This article reports some of the recent findings concerning
the connection between emotional reactions to music and
biology.
Science gets closer to the intersection of biology and creativity
Reading 1: Read
Why Does Music Move Us?

"Why Music Moves Us: The Cognitive Neuroscience1 of Music,"

a conference at the Swedish Medical Center in Seattle in 200 5,
tried to ask some fundamental questions about how the brain
"hears" and translates sound into music.
Reading 1: Read
Why Does Music Move Us?
All cultures have music, and the ability to recognize music
comes before speech.
Reading 1: Read
Why Does Music Move Us?
Music can also aid healing. Patients who have suffered
strokes or other brain injuries often show dramatic
improvement in their recovery if music or rhythm is played
during therapy; reported Michael Thaut, professor of music
and neuroscience at Colorado State University.
After You Read
Reading Comprehension Activities
A. Mark each sentence as T (true) or F (false) according to the
information in reading 1. Use dictionary to help you understand
new words .
........ 1. Locating the area of the brain that controls toe
movement is impossible .
........ 2. Sound waves themselves do not enter the brain .
........ 3. People need to learn how to speak before they can
appreciate music .
........ 4. There is evidence that music may help people with brain
injuries .
After You Read
Reading Comprehension Activities
A. Mark each sentence as T (true) or F (false) according to the
information in reading 1. Use dictionary to help you understand
new words .
........ 5. We are now able to improve people's creativity and
perception of music with brain implants .
........ 6. The reading says that neuroscience will destroy our
appreciation of art .
........ 7. The reading implies that artistic success is entirely a
product of the physical brain .
........ 8. The secrets behind artistic success may seem less
mysterious in the future.
After You Read
Reading Comprehension Activities

Answer Key:
After You Read
Reading Comprehension Activities
B. Read these sentences paraphrased from Reading 1. Then,
scan the article to find the original sentences. Write the line
number of the original on the line .
........ 1. Listening to music activates the brain more than
listening to speech does .
........ 2. Music is a universal experience for all humans .
........ 3. The facts suggest that music is for more than just
pleasure .
........ 4. The way we view the world is largely determined by the
physical properties of our brains .
........ 5. We can artificially alter our perception of music .
........ 6. No doubt we would see artists differently.
After You Read
Reading Comprehension Activities

Answer Key:
READING STRATEGY: Finding the
Perpetrator
READING STRATEGY: Finding the
Perpetrator
• Read these excerpts from Reading 1. Look at the excerpts in context to determine the
perpetrator and then write it in the blank. Write "unknown" if it is not possible to
determine the perpetrator from the context.
READING STRATEGY: Finding the
Perpetrator

Answer Key:
READING STRATEGY: Finding the
Perpetrator
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
A. Fill in the blanks with a target word from the chart that
completes the sentence in a grammatical and meaningful way.
Be sure to use the correct form.
A. Answer Key:
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
B. Using your dictionary, decide which meaning of the word
physical is expressed in each sentence. Match it with the
definition on the right. Compare answers with a partner.

........ 1. Pitch is a physical a. relating to the body

property of sound. b. relating to natural things that
....... 2. The game became very can be observed or measured
physical in the 4th quarter. c. involving bodily force and
........ 3. Ray Harryhausen's stop- contact
motion characters are more
physically expressive than
puppets.
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
B. Answer Key:
.....b... 1. Pitch is a physical a. relating to the body
property of sound. b. relating to natural things
...c.... 2. The game became that can be observed or
very physical in the 4th measured
quarter. c. involving bodily force and
....a.. 3. Ray Harryhausen's contact
stop-motion characters are
more physically expressive
than puppets.
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
C. Which meaning of the word prime is expressed in each
sentence? Match the sentences with the definitions in the box
above. Compare answers with a partner .
........ 1. We are born primed to pick up on beat regularities and
able to put sound in some sort of coherent order .
........ 2. Prime seats for the show cost over $500 each .
........ 3. In his final Olympics, he was obviously way past his
prime and performed poorly.
........ 4. Harryhausen's prime concern was to make the figures
more realistic and expressive .
........ 5. To prime the state's economy, the governor cut taxes on
businesses and individuals.
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
C. Answer Key:
....d.... 1. We are born primed to pick up on beat regularities and
able to put sound in some sort of coherent order .
....b.... 2. Prime seats for the show cost over $500 each .
....c.... 3. In his final Olympics, he was obviously way past his
prime and performed poorly.
.....a... 4. Harryhausen's prime concern was to make the figures
more realistic and expressive .
.....e... 5. To prime the state's economy, the governor cut taxes
on businesses and individuals.
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
D. Which meaning of transmit or transmission is expressed in
each sentence? Match the sentences with the definitions in the
box above. Compare answers with a partner.
........ 1. It came equipped with a 5-speed transmission .
........ 2. An optical fiber permits data in the form of light to be
transmitted over long distances .
........ 3. The material absorbs and transmits heat to circulating
fluids .
........ 4. The transmission was too weak to be heard .
........ 5. Parents complained that the movie transmitted the
wrong values to children.
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
D. Answer Key:
....d.... 1. It came equipped with a 5-speed transmission .
....a.... 2. An optical fiber permits data in the form of light to be
transmitted over long distances .
....c.... 3. The material absorbs and transmits heat to circulating
fluids .
....e.... 4. The transmission was too weak to be heard .
....b.... 5. Parents complained that the movie transmitted the
wrong values to children.
Reading 2:
Before You Read
Read these questions. Discuss your answers in a small group.
I. Do you know how to play a musical instrument? If so, describe
how the instrument produces sound.
2. As a small child in school or at home, did you ever make your
own musical instruments out of simple materials-for example,
a drum from an old can? Describe what kind of materials you
used and what sound the instruments made.
3. If you heard people talking about a Fender, a Martin, a
Gibson, a Yamaha, or a Takamine, would you know what
subject they were talking about? How about an acoustic or an
electric?
Reading 2: Read
Guitars: The Quest for Volume
• This article describes the guitar's rise to the star musical
instrument it is today.
After You Read
Reading Comprehension Activities
• Mark each statement as A (referring to the acoustic guitar), E (solid body
electric guitar), or 8 (both) according to the information in Reading 2 .
........ 1. The shape of the guitar has only a marginal effect on the sound .
........ 2. String thickness and tightness determine the pitch of a note .
........ 3. This guitar cannot be used in a live performance with a large
audience without electronic help .
........ 4. Thinner material in the guitar body improves the volume of the
instrument .
........ 5. Capturing the sound electronically requires a device that senses
vibrating air or vibrating materials inside the guitar .
........ 6. This guitar cannot be played through a microphone .
........ 7. This guitar works on the principle that a vibrating string creates a
disturbance .
........ 8. The bridge and saddle transmit vibration to the guitar body, which
amplifies the sound.
After You Read
Reading Comprehension Activities
• Mark each statement as A (referring to the acoustic guitar),
E (solid body electric guitar), or 8 (both) according to the
information in Reading 2 .
Answer Key:
READING STRATEGY: Point of View
READING STRATEGY: Point of View
• Read these paragraphs describing the diagram above from
different points of view. For each paragraph, complete the
task.
Description Task
1. How do I set it up? This version gives instructions
to the reader.
2. How is it set up or This version describes the
designed? setup without indicating who
set it up.
3. How does it work? This version tells what each
device does.
4. What happens to the This version tells what
signal? happens to the sound signal.
READING STRATEGY: Point of View
Answer Key:
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
A. Fill in the blanks with a target word from the chart that completes
the sentence in a grammatical and meaningful way. Be sure to
use the correct form.
1. Although it is ................................................ possible for a guitar to
be made of a single wood, most guitars use a variety of woods.
2. Wood is a popular material for guitars because it can
be ................................................ In many ways, including shaping,
bowing, and slicing.
3. Woods arc selected for their ability to impart sound, their beauty
when finished, and their ability to withstand
the ................................................ of day-to-day playing.
4. Several approaches are available for ................................................
sound in large spaces.
5. T he technology for amplifying acoustic guitars is still being …………...
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
A. Answer Key:
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
B. In the reading, stress refers to physical force, but it can also refer
to emphasis or to psychological pressure. In your notebook, write
sentences that link these words in a meaningful and grammatical
way. Compare sentences with a partner.
1. consultant I stress I need I better quality control
The consultant stressed the need for better quality control.
2. teacher I stress I read Chapter 5 very carefully
3. assign I too many tasks at once I stressful
4. must I greater stress on I open I new markets for our products
5. psychologist I stress I multitasking I not a reliable strategy for saving
time
6. feel stress I work I go to school I at the same time
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
B. Answer Key:
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
C. Discuss these questions in a small group; then write
a paragraph for each about your ideas. Be prepared
to read aloud and discuss your paragraphs in class.
1. What are some good ways to relieve stress when a
busy schedule leaves little time for rest and
recreation?
2. What skills or courses should high schools stress the
most?
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
D. Like the word stress, the verbs project and manipulate can have physical
and psychological senses. Match the meaning of the word in each
sentence with the most appropriate definition on the left.

Project
........ 1. The company projected a 4% a. estimate future quantities I sizes I
increase in sales. amounts
........ 2. The 3-D image is projected onto b. make an image or sound fill a space
a screen with angled ridges. c. give an impression to other people
........ 3. The actor's voice projects well. d. assume that others have the same
........ 4. She projects the image of thoughts or feelings
confident leadership .
........ 5. He projected his own fears
about succeeding in college onto his
friends .
........ 6. Several stock market analysts
projected record earnings this year.
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
D. Like the word stress, the verbs project and manipulate can have physical
and psychological senses. Match the meaning of the word in each
sentence with the most appropriate definition on the left.

Manipulate
........ 1. They all grew tired of their a. operate or manage something
boss‘s manipulative behavior . skillfully
........ 2. She learned to manipulate the b. process data/information smoothly
clumsy machine. c. use or control people in a tricky,
........ 3. The computer can manipulate dishonest way
huge amounts of data. d. good at controlling people in a tricky
........ 4. The lawyer tried to manipulate way
the jury by playing on their emotions .
........ 5. T he teacher sensed that her
students were trying to manipulate
her .
........ 6. The manipulative child
convinced his mother that buying him
the toy would make her happy.
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities

D. Answer Key:
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
E. The chart above shows some common collocations, or word partners, for
selected target vocabulary. Refer to the chart and complete these
sentences. Compare work with a partner.
1. Drawing on several studies, some child development specialists have
proposed a .......................... that listening to Mozart's music may ........ .
several advantages on children, calming them and helping them think
spatially.
2. Other researchers feel they have uncovered ............................ flaws in the
studies and doubt that briefly listening to Mozart before attempting a task
has any significant effect.
3. They warn that the "Mozart Effect" is a rapidly ............................. one. In
fact, any mental stimulation before doing a task showed a similar effect.
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
E. The chart above shows some common collocations, or word partners, for
selected target vocabulary. Refer to the chart and complete these
sentences. Compare work with a partner.
4. By the age of six, Mozart had mastered the ................. of keyboard
instruments and the violin. Already a composer, he began touring and
giving concerts.
5. The clavichord, a stringed keyboard, sounds beautiful but has
one ................... limitation-its lack of volume means it cannot be heard well
when other instruments are playing.
6. By the 18th century, violin-making had become
highly ................................................ , and violins from that era still set the
standards for violin perfection.
7. Several ................................................ changes were made to violins in this
era, most noticeably in the length and angle of the neck.
After You Read
Vocabulary Activities
E. Answer Key:
WRITING AND DISCUSSION TOPICS
Research Assignment
1. The "Mozart Effect" refers to the claim that briefly listening to
Mozart before taking a test can improve test scores. Do some
research on the "Mozart Effect“ and write a paragraph explaining
what you found.
2. Do you feel that music education is important? In other words,
should the study of music be a part of every child's education?
3. Worldwide, the violin and piano may be the main instruments
children are taught to play in structured settings where they can
receive formal instruction. But guitars are often the instrument
people choose when they want to play for fun. What makes the
guitar so appealing?
4. We humans seem to love music, but we do not seem to love th
same music. What factors influence individuals to prefer a certain
kind of music?
WRITING AND DISCUSSION TOPICS
Research Assignment
B. Each group should choose one of
the research questions on page 64
to write a research paper and
present it next session.

Thank you