VoLTE

VoLTE
Philip Nugent

© Mpirical Limited, 2015

 Agenda
VoLTE

 VoLTE Fundamentals
 VoLTE Registration
 VoLTE Call Procedures
 Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
 Q&A Session

© Mpirical Limited, 2015

VoLTE

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www.mpirical.com
VoLTE

The industry’s first fully interactive

network map
VoLTE

VoLTE Fundamentals

© Mpirical Limited, 2015

 VoLTE
VoLTE

WiFi
LTE
Network
VoLTE
Handset
VoLTE
Handset

GSM/UMTS PSTN
 IR92 - VoLTE
VoLTE

GSMA IR92 – IMS Profile for Voice and SMS

Protocol
Media
IMS Aspects LTE Aspects Stacks and
Aspects
Subsystems
 IP-CAN
VoLTE

IMS Services

IP-CAN IMS Network

Application
Server
IMS service signalling and
resultant media transported across
the IP-CAN as IP datagrams
VoLTE

VoLTE Bearers and QoS

© Mpirical Limited, 2015

 LTE Evolved Packet Core
VoLTE

MME MME
S10

S11
S1-MME
S-GW PDN
GW

S1-U
S5/S8 SGi
E-UTRAN

S2b
ePDG
Wi-Fi Internet
 EPS Bearers - Default and Dedicated
VoLTE

Dedicated EPS Bearer (Video)

Dedicated EPS Bearer (Voice)

IMS/VoLTE
Default EPS Bearer
APN

Uu PDN
S-GW
GW
S1-U S5/S8 SGi

UE eNB
Internet
Default EPS Bearer
APN
 Bearer Service Architecture
VoLTE

S-GW PDN
GW

Application
UE eNB Server

End to End Service

EPS Bearer

E-RAB S5/S8

RB S1 Bearer

Uu S1-U S5/S8 SGi

 Quality Class Identifier
VoLTE

Packet Packet
QCI Type Priority Delay Error Example
Budget Rate
Conversational
1 GBR 2 100ms 10-2
Voice
Conversational
2 GBR 4 150ms 10-3
Video
Real Time Gaming
3 GBR 3 50ms 10-3
Non Conversational
4 GBR 5 300ms 10-6 Video (Buffered
Streaming)
IMS Signalling
5 Non GBR 1 100ms 10-6
Video (Buffered
6 Non GBR 6 300ms 10-6
Streaming)
Voice, Video &
7 Non GBR 7 100ms 10-3
Interactive Gaming
Video, TCP (www,
8 Non GBR 8 300ms 10-6
email, ftp)
Video, TCP (www,
9 Non GBR 9 300ms 10-6
email, ftp)
 Bearer Level Quality of Service
VoLTE

EPS Bearer

Allocation &
QoS Class Guaranteed Maximum Bit
Retention
Identifier Bit Rate Rate
Priority

APN
UE Aggregate
Aggregate
Max Bit Rate
Max Bit Rate

EPS Bearer Aggregate

VoLTE

IMS Concepts

© Mpirical Limited, 2015

 IMS Characteristics
VoLTE

Access
independence
Service while Service based on
roaming capabliities

IP Multimedia
Subsystem

Security, privacy
Negotiable QoS and
authentication
Service to
multiple
terminals
 IMS High Level View
VoLTE

Application Application Application

Services Server Server Server

HSS
P S I
CSCF CSCF CSCF

IMS Core

SIP Service Control Resultant Media Stream/

Signalling Asset Delivery

Access Network and Terminal Devices

 Call Session Control Functions
VoLTE

Routing

P
CSCF

Security Billing

S-CSCF
Routing
Resolution I
CSCF

S-CSCF
Billing
Assignment

Authentication

S
CSCF

Session
Control and Billing
Registration
 Simplified IMS Core
VoLTE

TAS MTAS and

Sh SCC-AS
HSS ISC
Cx I/S
MSC
SWx CSCF
AAA ENUM
S6a Cx
SWm Mw
Sv ePDG P
S6b PCRF Rx CSCF

MME Gx ATCF
PDN Iq
GW Gm
SGW
MGW
SGi

UE ATGW
VoLTE

VoLTE Registration

© Mpirical Limited, 2015

 Private and Public User Identity Relationship
VoLTE

Public
Identity

Service Profile

Private Public
Identity Identity

Public
Service Profile
Identity
 Private and Public Identity (when no ISIM)
VoLTE

Private Identity

[email protected]

Temporary Public
Identity
From USIM
[email protected]
VoLTE

IMS Registration

© Mpirical Limited, 2015

 IMS Registration
VoLTE

P I S
CSCF CSCF CSCF AuC
HSS

REGISTER
REGISTER
UAR

UAA

REGISTER
MAR

MAA
401 Unauthorized
 IMS Registration
VoLTE

P I S
CSCF CSCF CSCF AuC
HSS

REGISTER
UAR

UAA

REGISTER
SAR

SAA
200OK
 Key Elements of the Registration Request
VoLTE

Private ID Public ID Contact Address

 Registration Event Subscription
VoLTE

S
CSCF

IMS Registration Process

SUBSCRIBE
To: IMSSubscriber1@domain1
From:IMSSubscriber1@domain1
Event: reg
200OK

NOTIFY
Registration State = active
200OK
VoLTE

VoLTE Call Procedures

© Mpirical Limited, 2015

 VoLTE to VoLTE
VoLTE

TAS TAS
HSS

S I S
CSCF CSCF CSCF

P P
CSCF Media CSCF
Bearer

EPC EPC

E-UTRAN E-UTRAN
 Basic VoLTE Call Signalling
VoLTE

P S
CSCF CSCF TAS

INVITE (SDP) INVITE (SDP) INVITE (SDP)

100 Trying 100 Trying

100 Trying

INVITE (SDP)

MGW 100 Trying

INVITE (SDP)

100 Trying

183 Session Progress (SDP)

183 Session Progress (SDP)

183 Session Progress (SDP) 183 Session Progress (SDP)

 Basic VoLTE Call Signalling
VoLTE

P S
CSCF CSCF TAS

PCC, Create Bearer, Dedicated MGW

EPS Bearer, E-RAB Setup, RRC
183 Session Progress (SDP)

PRACK, 200OK, UPDATE (SDP), 200OK (SDP)

180 Ringing

180 Ringing

180 Ringing 180 Ringing 180 Ringing

 Basic VoLTE Call Signalling
VoLTE

P S
CSCF CSCF TAS

200OK (INV)

200OK (INV)

200OK (INV) 200OK (INV) 200OK (INV)

PCC Interaction
ACK ACK ACK

ACK

ACK

In Call
VoLTE

Preconditions

© Mpirical Limited, 2015

 Preconditions
VoLTE

QoS Security Connectivity

 Current to Desired Status
VoLTE

Current Desired
Status Status
 Supporting Preconditions
VoLTE

INVITE
Via:
From:
To:
Call-ID:
Cseq:
Require: precondition
Contact:
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length:
v=0
o=- 2987933615 2987933615 IN IPv4 10.0.0.4
s=-
c=IN IPV4 10.0.0.4
t=0 0
m=audio 39252 RTP/AVP 104 110 105 102 108 100
b=AS:38
a=curr:qos local none
a=curr:qos remote none
a=des:qos mandatory local sendrecv
a=des:qos none remote sendrecv
 EPS Bearer Establishment
VoLTE

S-GW PDN
GW P
MME PCEF PCRF CSCF S
CSCF
TAS

Establish Default EPS Bearer to IMS

SIP Invite

SIP Call Establishment Procedure – Codec Negotiation, Preconditions,etc

AAR/AAA Procedure

Create PCC Rule

RAR/RAA Procedure

Establish Dedicated EPS Bearer for voice

200OK

In Call
VoLTE

VoLTE Media

© Mpirical Limited, 2015

 VoIP Media Protocols
VoLTE

VoIP Media
Protocols

RTP RTCP
 Adaptive Multi Rate
VoLTE

AMR AMR
Narrow Band Wide Band
8 Coding Modes 9 Coding Modes
4.75-12.2kbps 6.6-23.85kbps
Sampling@8kHz per 20ms Sampling@16kHz per 20ms
speech frame speech frame
160 samples per frame 320 sample per frame
 Adaptive Multi Rate
VoLTE

Index Mode
0 AMR-WB 6.6
1 AMR-WB 8.85
2 AMR-WB 12.65
3 AMR-WB 14.25
4 AMR-WB 15.85
5 AMR-WB 18.25
6 AMR-WB 19.85
7 AMR-WB 23.05
8 AMR-WB 23.85
9 AMR-WB SID
 Jitter
VoLTE

MGW
t = Constant

RTP/RTCP

End t
Terminal

Jitter cause timing

irregularities in the IP Network
voice packet stream

t = Irregular MGW

RTP/RTCP
End
Terminal

t
 RTP Example for WB-AMR
VoLTE

UE UE

PT=AMR-WB Seq=551 Time=456640

320
PT=AMR-WB Seq=552 Time=456960 Samples
per Frame

PT=AMR-WB Seq=553 Time=457280

PT=AMR-WB Seq=554 Time=457600

PT=AMR-WB Seq=555 Time=457920

PT=AMR-WB Seq=556 Time=458240

 One way Media – Use Cases
VoLTE

One-Way
Audio

RTP Video Early Media

One Way
Media

Mid-call
On-Hold Calls
Disruption
 MOS Score
VoLTE

RTP RTP
WB-AMR WB-AMR
12.65kbps MGW 12.65kbps

MOS upto ~4.39 MOS upto ~4.39

UE UE
 MOS Score
VoLTE

RTP
RTP
WB-AMR
MGW G.711 64kbps
12.65kbps

MOS upto ~4.39 MOS upto ~4.1

UE
 VoLTE RAN Issues
VoLTE

VoLTE RAN Issues

Radio Link Failures

Mobility Issues
“Drops”

Packet Loss vs MOS User or Equipment

Scores Triggered

Air Interface
RTP-RTCP Timeouts
RTP Jitter

E-RAB Establishment VoWi-Fi Audio Issues

VoLTE

Single Radio Voice Call Continuity

© Mpirical Limited, 2015

 IMS Service Centralization and Continuity
VoLTE

Service
Service
Continuity
Centralization
(SRVCC)
 Service Continuity - Non ICS (IMS Centralized Services)
VoLTE

T-ADS
ICS HSS SCC TAS
AS
Sh
ICS

CAPv2 SCP
ISC
ISC
MSC-S CSCF

MGCF
MGW MGW

UE
Remote
End
 SRVCC Architecture - E-UTRAN to UTRAN/GERAN
VoLTE

SR-VCC SR-VCC
MSC-S HSS SCC
AS
Sh
Sv
I2/
Mw

SR-VCC SR-VCC
SR-VCC
S ISC
MME CSCF
SR-VCC
Mw
Mw
SR-VCC ATCF / Mg
/M
x
SR-VCC
SGW/ P
PGW CSCF Remote
eNB ATGw Mb
End
Gm
SR-VCC
Mb

UE
 T-ADS (Terminating Access Domain Selection)
VoLTE

Queries MME and SGSN, also

T-ADS selects T-ADS requests time of last radio contact
Gm or I2 path HSS
for mobile SCC
AS MME
SCC-AS
checks HSS for
IMS Voice over SGSN
PS support
and RAT Type

CSCF
CS or PS?

MSC-S

UE
UE
 SRVCC Evolution
VoLTE

Call Continuity between E-UTRAN and UTRAN/

Basic SRVCC Rel 8 GERAN
(Emergency and Supplementary Services Rel 9)

Packet Switched to Circuit Switched call transfer

aSRVCC Release 10
during Alerting Phase (support for early dialogue)

Enhanced SRVCC
eSRVCC Release 10 Support for MSC Server assisted Mid Call feature
(related to on-hold calls and conferencing)

vSRVCC Release 11 Single Radio Video Call Continuity

rSRVCC Release 11 SRVCC from UTRAN/GERAN to E-UTRAN/HSPA

 Access Transfer Procedure Using the ATCF
VoLTE

Home
Serving Network
Network
MGW ATGW
MME MSC-S ATCF

UE SCC AS UE
Media Path of PS Access Leg Media Path of Remote Leg

SRVCC Handover Coordination

Invite
STN-SR, C-MSISDN, SDP
ATGW Configuration
200OK
SDP

Media Path of CS Access Leg Media Path of CS Access Leg Media Path of Remote Leg

Access Transfer Update

 VoLTE and VoWi-Fi
VoLTE

All traffic is anchored at

the PDN-GW regardless
PDN of access network.
GW

S-GW
ePDG

eNB Access Point

VoLTE

https://telefonica.mpiricalacademy.com/

www.mpirical.com
 Related Mpirical Instructor Led Courses
VoLTE

IMS and PCC

VoLTE System Analyzing the
System LTE Air Interface
Engineering EPC
Engineering (3 Days)
(2 days) (3 Days)
(1 day)

LTE RAN
Troubleshooting Analyzing the Troubleshooting
Performance and
VoLTE IMS the EPC
Optimization
(1 day) (2 Days) (1 Day)
(4 Days)

Marcus Gates Email: [email protected] www.mpirical.com

VoLTE

Any Questions?
VoLTE

Philip Nugent
Director
Email: [email protected]
Mobile: +44 (0) 7764 813674

www.mpirical.com