Representation of Functions

Aaron Paul A. Casabar

Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students must be
able to:
• define functions and related terms;
• determine if the given relation represents a
function;
• define piece-wise function; and
• represents real-life situations using functions,
including piece-wise functions.
 Relation Function Not a function
1. {(1, 2), (2, 5), (3, 10), (4, 17)}

2. Input Output
2 5
5 7
9 11

3.

4.

5.
Relation
A relation is a set of ordered pairs. The domain of
a relation is the set of first coordinates. The range
is the set of second coordinates.
E.g.
1. {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)} Relation

(X, Y )
2. {(3, 0), (4, 0), (5, 0), (6, 0)}
3. {(4, 5), (9, 7 ), (7, 9), (3)}
DOMAIN
4. {(9, I), (7, H ), (5, M), (3, S)}
Relation
Not Relation
RANGE
Relation
 Domain Range

“X” “Y”

Input Output

Independent dependent
This equation

𝑦= 𝑥 +1
 

can produce

A = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)…..}

 𝑦= 𝑥 +1
 

𝑥 =1 𝑥 =2
   

𝑦=1+1 𝑦=2+1
   

𝑦 =2 𝑦 =3
   

A = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)…..}

Functions
A function is a relation in which
each element of the domain
corresponds to exactly one
element of the range.
 Ordered pairs
Examples
1. A = {(2, 5), (4, 9), (5, 11), (7, 15)}
2. B = {(3, 2), (3, -2), (8, 3), (8,-3)
3. C = {(8, -5), (0, 9), (-8, 11), (7, 9)}
4. D = {(2, 5), (-6, 12), (-2, 11), (2, 10)}
 Table of values
1.
Input
(x)
1 2 3 4
Output 9 5 10 8
(y)

function
2. Not a function
Input
(x)

Output
(y)
Mapping diagram
1. Input (x) Output (y)
1 6
2 5
3 4 One
function
is to one
4 3 function
5 1
{(1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 3), (5, 1)}
2. Input (x) Output (y)

1 6 One is to many
2 5 Not a function
function
3 4
3

{(1, 6), (1, 5), (2, 3), (3, 4)}

9. Input (x) Output (y)
I
L
Many is to one
O Function
1 function
V
E
M
{(I, 1), (L, 1), (O, 1), (V, 1), (E, 1), (M, 1)}
Equation A function is a relation
in which each element
of the domain
 

1. corresponds to exactly
one element of the

𝑥=2
  range.

𝑦=2 ( 2 ) +1
 

function
𝑦=5
𝑦=4+1
 
Equation A function is a relation
in which each element
of the domain
 

1. corresponds to exactly
one element of the

𝑥=3 range.
 

2
𝑦 =3+1
 
 
𝐴={
Not( 3a,function
2 ) , (3 ,− 2 ) }
2
 

√ 𝑦 =4
 
2
=√ 4
y=± 2∨ y=2∧ y=−2
 
Graph
Vertical Line Test (VLT) – is a graphical
method of determining whether the graph
of a relation is a function or not. If we can
draw any vertical line that intersects a
graph more than one, then the graph does
not define a function.
NotFunction
a function
Some Types of Functions And
Domain and Ranges of a
Functions
 𝒚=𝟕 − 𝒙
𝒇 ( 𝒙)=𝟕
   

𝒇 ( 𝒙 )= 𝒚
 

FUNCTION
Some Types of Functions
•Linear
  Function
A function f is a linear function if , where m
and b are real numbers, and m and f(x) are
not both equal to zero.
E.g.
The graph of a linear function has two type:
 

(positive slope) (negative slope)

 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=𝟑 𝒙 − 𝟑
 

Table of Values Slope-Intercept form

𝒇 ( 𝒙 )= 𝒎𝒙= 𝒃
 

 
𝑹𝑰𝑺𝑬
SLOPE ¿ 𝑹𝑼𝑵
Y-INTERCEPT
 X and y – intercept
The x-intercept is where a
   
e.g.
line crosses the x-axis, and
the y-intercept is the point  
where the line crosses the y- x – intercept
axis Let
To get the we let and find
the value of x
To get we let and find the
value of y.

 
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 =1
 X and y – intercept
The x-intercept is where a
   
e.g.
line crosses the x-axis, and
the y-intercept is the point  
where the line crosses the y- y – intercept
axis Let
To get the we let and find
the value of x
To get we let and find the
value of y.
 
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡=− 3
 y

 
𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡=− 3
𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 =1
x
Domain and Range of linear
function
 (𝒙 , 𝒚)
 

The domain is the set of all possible x-

values which will make the
function "work", and will output real y-
values.
 

1.
 (𝒙 , 𝒚)
 

 The range is the sets of resulting y-values

we get after substituting all the possible x-
values.
 

1.
 
1. y

6 Domain: All Real Number

 
 (5 , 6)
Range: All Real Number
 

5
 
 

4
 
y
infinitely extended
 

3
3 
  
 
2

𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛
2     
 
  
1
 (1 ,2) ,
 
  

00 x x
 
,
 
𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛
-3 -2 -1
(−1
  , 0)
 
 

-1
-1
 
1 2 3 4 5  
,
 
𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛
 
 
-2
-2
 
 
,
-3
-3
  
  
•  
Constant Function
A linear function f is a constant
function if , where m = 0 and b
is any real number. Thus, .
E.g.
 The graph of a constant function is always a horizontal
line because whatever the value of domain you use the
range is always the same. y

𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 2
Table of Value
x

 2
 2
 2
•  
Identity Function
A linear function f is an identity
function if , where m = 1 and b = 0.
e.g.
 
•  
Quadratic Function
A quadratic function is any equation of the
form where a, b, and c are real numbers
and a 0.
E.g.
1. 3.
The vertex of a parabola
𝟐
is the highest or lowest
𝟐
𝒇 ( also
𝒙 )=+ 𝒙 as the maximum
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=− 𝒙
   
point, known or minimum of
a parabola.

Vertex
•  
Quadratic Function
A quadratic function is any equation of the
form where a, b, and c are real numbers and
a 0.
E.g.
1. 3.
 Vertex
 
−𝒃
𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 =
𝟐𝒂
 

¿
 
 𝟐
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) = 𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙  +𝟏
 
 
¿
¿
 
𝑎=1 , 𝑏= 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 =1
  −𝒃
𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 = 𝟐
𝟐𝒂  
𝒚 − 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔=𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙+𝟏
𝟐
  − 𝟐 𝒚 − 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 =( −𝟏 ) +𝟐(−𝟏)+ 𝟏
 
𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔=
𝟐(𝟏)
 
𝒚 − 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 =𝟏− 𝟐+𝟏
  𝒚−
𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔=−
 
𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 =𝟎
 𝟐
 
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) = 𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙 +𝟏
 
¿
   
 4
 1
𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥
  0
0
0
0  1
1
1  4
   
 𝟐
 
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) = 𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙 +𝟏
 
¿ y

6
 4
 
 

5
 1  
 

𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥
  0
0   ¿
4
 
 
  ¿
0
0  1
3
1
1  4  
 

2
 
  ¿    

1 ¿
 
 

0 x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
  ¿ -1

-2

-3
 
 
 Domain and Range
of
quadratic function

Domain: All real number

 
Range: the range of quadratic function,
• if the quadratic opens upward then,
• if the quadratic opens downward then,
 𝟐
 
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) = 𝒙 +𝟐 𝒙 +𝟏
 
¿ y

Domain: All real Number 6

 
 

  5
Range:  
 

4
  ¿  
 
  ¿
3
 
 

2
 
  ¿    

1 ¿
 
 

0 x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
  ¿ -1

-2

-3
 
 
•Absolute
  Value Function
The function f is an absolute value function if for all real
numbers x,

E.g.
1. 3.
2. 4.
 
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=+| 𝒙 − 𝒉|+𝐤 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=−|𝒙 − 𝒉|+ 𝒌
 

opens upward opens downward

Vertex
 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=|𝑥 − ℎ|+𝑘
 

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 ( ℎ , 𝑘 ) 𝑖𝑠𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥

 
 
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =|𝑥 − 3| − 2

𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =|𝑥 − ℎ|+ 𝑘
 

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 ( ℎ , 𝑘 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥

 

𝑣 (3 , −2)
 
  
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =|𝑥+1|

𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =|𝑥 − ℎ|+ 𝑘
 

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 ( ℎ , 𝑘 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥

 

𝑣 (− 1 ,0)
 
  
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =|𝑥|

𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =|𝑥 − ℎ|+ 𝑘
 

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 ( ℎ , 𝑘 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥

 

𝑣 (0 ,0)
 
  
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=−|𝑥 − 10|+2

𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =|𝑥 − ℎ|+ 𝑘
 

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 ( ℎ , 𝑘 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥

 

𝑣 (10 , 2)
 
  
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =|𝑥 − 3| − 2𝑣 (3 , − 2 )
 

   
 0
 −1
𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥
 
 −1
 0
   
  
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =|𝑥 − 3| − 2𝑣 (3 , − 2 )
 

y
6
 0
 
 

5
 −1  
 

𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥
  4
 
 

 −1 3
 0  
 

2
 
 

1
 
 

0
  ¿   ¿ x
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
 
-2
¿  ¿
-3
  ¿
 
 
 Domain and Range
of
Absolute value function

Domain: All real number

 
Range: the range of Absolute value function,
• if the graph opens upward then,
• if the graph opens downward then,
  
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) =|𝑥 − 3| − 2𝑣 (3 , − 2 )
 

y
6
 0
 
 

5
 −1  
 

𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥
  4
 
 

 −1 3
 0  
 

2
 
 

1
Domain: All real Number  
  ¿
 
 

0
  ¿ x
Range: -2 -1 0
-1
1 2 3 4 5 6

 
-2
¿  ¿
-3
  ¿
 
 
•  
Piecewise Function
A piecewise function or a compound function is a
function defined by multiple sub-functions, where
each sub-function applies to a certain interval of the
main function's domain.

E.g.  

3
1.
−2 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 <−1
 
 𝑥+2 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0
 

2.  
2
− 𝑥 + 2, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 <0
1.
 
Identify each type of
sub-function.
Graph constant
6
 
 
function using Table
5
 
 
of values
4
 
 
3
 

(−1 , 3)  (2 ,3)

 

−1 3
  2
 
 
Starting point    
1
 

 
 
2  
3
0
 
-4 -3 -2 -1   1 2 3 4 5
 
-1
 
 
-2
 
 
-3
 
 
1.
 
Identify each type of
sub-function.
Graph constant
6
 
 
function using Table
5
 
 
of values
4
 
 
3
 

(−1 , 3)  (2 ,3)

 

− 1  − 2
  2
 
 
Starting point  
1
 

 
 
− 3  − 2
0
 
-4 -3 -2 -1   1 2 3 4 5
 
-1
 
 
-2
 
   
(−3,−2)
(−1,−2)  
-3
 
 
 𝑥+2 ,∧ 𝑥 ≥ 1(a)
 

2 . 𝑓 ( 𝑥) = 2 {
− 𝑥 +2 ,∧ 𝑥 <1(𝑏)
Identify each type
of sub-function.

Graph linear function

6
 
 

using Table of values

5
 

(3 ,5)
 
4  
 
 
3
 

(1 ,3)
 

 
1 3
2
 
 
Starting point    
1
 

 
 
3  
5
0
 
-4 -3 -2 -1   1 2 3 4 5
 
If
 
-1
 
 
-2
 
 
-3
 
 
 𝑥+2 ,∧ 𝑥 ≥ 1(a)
 

2 . 𝑓 ( 𝑥) = 2 {
− 𝑥 +2 ,∧ 𝑥 <1(𝑏)
Identify each type
of sub-function.
Graph Quadratic
6
 
 
5
function using Table
 
of values
(3 ,5)
 
4  
 
 
3
 

(1 ,3)
 

 
1  1
2
 
 
Starting point  
1
 

 
 
− 2  − 2
0
 
-4 -3 -2 -1
 
 
 
-1
1 2 3 4 5
IfIf
 
 
-2
 
 
-3
 
 
 𝑥+2 ,∧ 𝑥 ≥ 1(a)
 

2 . 𝑓 ( 𝑥) = 2 {
− 𝑥 +2 ,∧ 𝑥 <1(𝑏)
Identify each type
of sub-function.
Graph Quadratic
6
 
 
5
function using Table
 
of values
(3 ,5)
 
4  
 
 
3

Starting point 1  1
 
 
(1 ,3)
 

  2
 
 
1
 
 
− 2  − 2
𝑎=−1 , 𝑏=0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐=2
 
0  
 
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5

𝒚𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔=𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒕𝒆
−𝒃
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝑣(𝑥
𝑣(0 , 𝑦)
,2)
 
 
    
-1
𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔=
 
  𝟐𝒂
  𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒=− 𝟎 2+ 2
-2

𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔=𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆
      (0)
 
 𝒙𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔
𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 = =𝟎
-3
   𝑦
  𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒=2
𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒=0+
𝟐(− 𝟏)2
 
 𝑥+2 ,∧ 𝑥 ≥ 1(a)
 

2 . 𝑓 ( 𝑥) = 2 {
− 𝑥 +2 ,∧ 𝑥 <1(𝑏)
Identify each type
of sub-function.
Graph Quadratic
6
 
 
5
function using Table
 
of values
(3 ,5)
 
4  
 
 
3

Starting point 1  1
 
 
(1 ,3)
 

  2
 

 
(0 , 2)
 
1
 
 
− 2  − 2
 
(1 ,1)
 
0

𝑣 (0 ,2)
 
-4 -3 -2 -1   1 2 3 4 5  
 
-1
 
 
-2
 
 
(−2,−2)  
-3
 
 
•Tell
  whether the function described in each of the
following is a linear function, a constant function,
an identity function, an absolute value function, or
a piecewise function.

21.

22.
Tell whether the function described in each of
the following is a linear function, a constant
function, an identity function, an absolute
value function, or a piecewise function.
24. 25.
Graph the following function:
 

26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

31-33.
Identify the Domain and Range of the given
 

function:
34-35.
36-37.
38-39.
40-41.
42-43.

44-45.
WORD PROBLEM
1. A jeepney ride cost ₱8.00 for the first 4
kilometer and each additional integer
kilometer adds ₱1.50 to the fare.

(a)Write the piecewise function.

(b) Graph the function.
2. A user is charged ₱50 monthly for a
particular mobile plan, which include 100 free
message. Message is excess of 100 charged
₱1 each. Represent the amount a consumer
pays each month as a function of the number
of message m sent in a month.
45-50. A videoke machine can be rented for
₱1000 for 3 days, but for the fourth day
onwards, an additional cost of 400 per day
added.

(a)Write the piecewise function.

(b) Graph the function.
Exercise C
A Zumba instructor charges according to the number of
participants. If there are 15 participants or below, the
instructor charges ₱500.00 for each participant per month. If
the number of participants is between 15 and 30, he charges
₱400.00 for each participant per month. If there are 30
participants or more, he charges ₱350.00 for each participant
per month.
1. Write the piecewise function that describes what the
instructor charges.
2. Graph the function.
 Answer:
1. FUNCTION 11. FUNCTION
2. FUNCTION 12. FUNCTION
3. NOT A FUNCTION 13. NOT A FUNCTION
4. FUNCTION 14. NOT A FUNCTION
5. NOT A FUNCTION 15. NOT A FUNCTION
6. FUNCTION 16. FUNCTION
7. NOT A FUNCTION 17. NOT A FUNCTION
8. NOT A FUNCTION 18. NOT A FUNCTION
9. FUNCTION 19. FUNCTION
10. NOT A FUNCTION 20. FUNCTION
21. LINEAR FUNCTION
22. CONSTANT FUNCTION
23. PIECEWISE FUNCTION
24. LINEAR FUNCTION
25. ABSOLUTE-VALUE FUNCTION
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31-33.