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Applied Research Methods: Dr. Sahar Awan

The document discusses considerations for designing questionnaires including determining what questions to ask, how to phrase and order questions, choosing a layout, pretesting the questionnaire, and types of questions like open-ended, fixed alternatives, and checklist questions.

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Muhammad Taha
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48 views16 pages

Applied Research Methods: Dr. Sahar Awan

The document discusses considerations for designing questionnaires including determining what questions to ask, how to phrase and order questions, choosing a layout, pretesting the questionnaire, and types of questions like open-ended, fixed alternatives, and checklist questions.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Taha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applied Research

Methods
Dr. Sahar Awan

SESSION 7: QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN(CHAPTER 15)


Basic Considerations
• What should be asked?
• How should questions be phrased?
• In what sequence should the questions be arranged?
• What questionnaire layout will best serve the research objectives?
• How should the questionnaire be pretested? Does the questionnaire need to be
revised?
Important Considerations

• Questionnaire Relevancy

• Questionnaire Accuracy
- Information is reliable and valid
- Simple, understandable, unbiased, unambiguous, nonirritating words
Wording of Questions
• Open-ended
- Exploratory research
- Guidance for phrasing in future survey
- Considerations: Cost and Errors
• Fixed alternatives
- Less interviewer skill, less response time and easy to answer
- Standardized responses means comparability of answers
- Awareness of potential answers
Fixed alternative questions
Types of fixed alternative questions
• Simple dichotomy question
• Determinant choice question
• Frequency determination question
• Checklist questions

• Response options should be:


• Totally exhaustive
• Mutually exclusive
Means of data collection
• Phrasing and format depends on mode of data collection

- Internet and mail surveys should be less complex


- Easy to understand categories for telephone interview
- Conversational tone for phone and personal interview
Question Phrasing
• Language use (avoid complexity)
- Consider the respondents
• Leading questions
- Implies a certain answer
• Loaded questions
- Suggests a socially desirable answer or is emotionally charged
Question Phrasing (cont.)
Loaded questions (cont.)
• Remember Social Desirability
• Invoking status quo
• Counterbalancing statement
• Split-ballot technique
Question Phrasing (cont.)
• Avoid ambiguity
- Be as specific as possible

• Avoid double barreled question


• Avoid making assumptions
• Avoid burdensome questions
- Unaided recall vs. aided recall
- Telescoping vs. squishing
•Generate variance in responses

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