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Chapter 8 Power Point

Chapter 8

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124 views31 pages

Chapter 8 Power Point

Chapter 8

Uploaded by

ABCD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PowerPoint® Presentation

Chapter 8
Inverters

AC Power • Inverters • Power


Conditioning Units • Inverter
Features and Specifications
Chapter 8 — Inverters

If voltage and current


signals are either always
positive or always
negative, they are DC
waveforms. If the signals
switch between positive
and negative, they are AC
waveforms.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

AC waveforms can take a


variety of shapes.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Certain parameters are


integral to defining the
characteristics of an AC
waveform
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Three-phase power is
composed of three
separate voltage wave-
forms that are 120° out of
phase.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Voltage variations outside


allowable ranges include
voltage drops, voltage
swells, and transients.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Three-phase voltage and


current waveforms are
unbalanced if they are not
equal in magnitude and
frequency.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Harmonics can add to the


fundamental frequency to
produce distorted
waveforms.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Resistive loads keep the voltage


and current waveforms in phase,
while reactive loads cause the
current waveform to lead or lag
the voltage waveform.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Inverters are available in


many different configur-
ations and ratings.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Stand-alone inverters are connected to the battery


bank.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Interactive inverters are connected to the PV array.


Chapter 8 — Inverters

AC modules include small


inverters in place of the
DC junction box.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Solid-state switching
devices used in PV
inverters include tran-
sistors and thyristors.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Line-commutated inverters
use an external AC signal
to activate and deactivate
the inverter switching
devices.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

H-bridge inverter circuits use


two pairs of switching devices
to direct a DC input to the
output in both directions.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Push-pull inverter circuits use


one pair of switching devices
and a transformer to
alternate the direction of
direct current.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Square waves can be modified


by adjusting the duration and
magnitude of the pulses.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Combining multiple
modified square waves
with different magnitudes
and durations results in a
multistepped modified
square wave that more
closely approximates a
sine wave.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Pulse-width modulation at high frequencies generates


the truest approximation of a sine wave.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Power conditioning units


are inverters that also
perform other power
control and conversion
functions.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Transformers use induced


magnetic fields to transfer
AC power from one circuit
to another and transform
the power to higher or lower
voltages.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

The primary and


secondary windings in
an autotransformer
share some of the same
windings.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Inverter nameplates
include much of the
needed information for
sizing and operating the
inverter.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

At high temperatures, an
inverter may limit current
input by raising the input
voltage, which also lowers
power input and output.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Most inverters operate


from a relatively wide
range of input voltages,
but the range for MPPT
operation is smaller.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

In order to output AC
voltage within the spec-
ified range, the DC input
voltage must meet certain
minimum values.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Inverters may limit


maximum DC input
current with increasing
DC input voltage.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Most sine wave inverters


maintain high efficiency
over a wide operating-
power range.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Inverter enclosures may


include protective devices
such as disconnects.
Chapter 8 — Inverters

Inverter interfaces include on-board screens, remote


data monitors, and computerized data acquisition and
processing software.

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