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Reactive Power Compensatation

This document summarizes different methods of reactive power compensation in power systems. It discusses the need for reactive power compensation to regulate power factor and maintain voltage stability. The main methods covered are shunt compensation using capacitors and reactors, series compensation using capacitive and inductive modes, static VAR compensators (SVCs) using thyristors, static compensators (STATCOMs) using voltage source converters, and synchronous condensers to improve power factor. The document provides examples and advantages of these reactive power compensation techniques.

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Shivam Tayade
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113 views19 pages

Reactive Power Compensatation

This document summarizes different methods of reactive power compensation in power systems. It discusses the need for reactive power compensation to regulate power factor and maintain voltage stability. The main methods covered are shunt compensation using capacitors and reactors, series compensation using capacitive and inductive modes, static VAR compensators (SVCs) using thyristors, static compensators (STATCOMs) using voltage source converters, and synchronous condensers to improve power factor. The document provides examples and advantages of these reactive power compensation techniques.

Uploaded by

Shivam Tayade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A SEMINAR ON

REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION

SEMINAR BY : GUIDED BY :
SHIVAM P. TAYADE DR. K. D. THAKUR
( 18103006 )
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Need for reactive power
 Need for reactive power compensation
 Shunt compensation
 Series compensation
 Static VAR compensators (SVC)
 Static compensators (STATCOM)
 Synchronous Condensor
 Conclusion
 References
INTRODUCTION
 Reactive power (VAR) compensation is defined as the management
of reactive power to improve the performance of ac systems. There are
two aspects:-
a) Load Compensation – The main objectives are to :-
1. Increase the power factor of the system.
2. To balance the real power drawn from the system.
3. Compensate voltage regulation.
4. To eliminate current harmonics.
b) Voltage Support – The main purpose is to decrease the
voltage fluctuation at a given terminal of transmission line. Therefore
the VAR compensation improves the stability of ac system by
increasing the maximum active power that can be transmitted.
WHY DO WE NEED REACTIVE POWER?
 In resistive loads the current produces the heat energy which
produces the desired output but incase of inductive loads the
current creates the magnetic field which further produces the
desired work. Therefore reactive power is the non working power
caused by the magnetic current to operate and sustain magnetism
in the device .
 Reactive power is required to maintain the voltage to deliver

active power (watts) through transmission lines. When there is not


enough reactive power the voltage sags down and it is not possible
to deliver the required power to load through the lines.
Need for Reactive Power Compensation
 Reactive power generated by the ac power source is stored in
a capacitor or a reactor during a quarter of a cycle and in the
next quarter of the cycle it is sent back to the power source.
Therefore the reactive power oscillates between the ac source
and the capacitor or reactor at a frequency equals to two times
the rated value (50 or 60 Hz). So to avoid the circulation
between the load and source it needs to be compensated .
 Also to regulate the power factor of the system and maintain
the voltage stability we need to compensate reactive power .
Methods of Reactive Power Compensation
 Shunt compensation
 Series compensation
 Synchronous condensers
 Static VAR compensators
 Static compensators
Shunt compensation
 The device that is connected in parallel with the transmission
line is called the shunt compensator. A shunt compensator is
always connected in the middle of the transmission line. It can
be provided by either a current source, voltage source or a
capacitor.
 An ideal shunt compensator provides the reactive power to the
system.
 Shunt-connected reactors are used to reduce the line over-
voltages by consuming the reactive power, while shunt-
connected capacitors are used to maintain the voltage levels by
compensating the reactive power to transmission line.
Transmission line with shunt
compensation
Series compensation
 When a device is connected in series with the transmission
line it is called a series compensator. A series compensator can
be connected anywhere in the line.
 There are two modes of operation – capacitive mode of
operation and inductive mode of operation.
 A simplified model of a transmission system with series
compensation is shown in Figure .The voltage magnitudes of
the two buses are assumed equal as V, and the phase angle
between them is δ.
Transmission line with series
compensation
Static VAR compensators
 A static VAR compensator (or SVC) is an electrical device for
providing reactive power on transmission networks. The term
"static" refers to the fact that the SVC has no moving parts .
 The SVC is an automated impedance matching device, designed
to bring the system closer to unity power factor. If the power
system's reactive load is capacitive (leading), the SVC will use
reactors (usually in the form of thyristor-Controlled Reactors) to
consume VARs from the system, lowering the system voltage.
 Under inductive (lagging) conditions, the capacitor banks are
automatically switched in, thus providing a higher system
voltage.
Static VAR compensators
ADVANTAGES
a) Static VAR compensation is not done at line voltage; a
bank of transformers steps the transmission voltage (for
example, 230 kV) down to a much lower level (for
example, 9.5 kV).This reduces the size and number of
components.
b) They are more reliable .
c) Faster in operation .
d) Smoother control and more flexibility can be provided
with the help of thyristors.
Static Compensator

The devices use synchronous voltage sources for generating
or absorbing reactive power. A synchronous voltage source
(SVS) is constructed using a voltage source converter (VSC).
Such a shunt compensating device is called static compensator
or STATCOM .
 A STATCOM usually contains an SVS that is driven from a
dc storage capacitor and the SVS is connected to the ac system
bus through an interface transformer. The transformer steps the
ac system voltage down such that the voltage rating of the SVS
switches are within specified limit.
Structure of STATCOM
 Basically, the STATCOM
system is comprised of
1) Power converters,
2) Set of coupling reactors
or a step- up transformer,
3) Controller
Synchronous Condensor
 A device whose main function is the improvement of pf of
the electrical system is known as the synchronous condensor. It
is installed at the receiving end of the line .
 When a synchronous condensor is introduced it supplies the
kVAR to the system, and hence the current is reduced.
 Therefore the losses are reduced and provides a better
efficiency . Hence more power can be delivered to the load
and improves the pf of the system.
CONCLUSION
 From all the previous discussion we can conclude reactive
power compensation is a must for improving the
performance of the ac system. By reactive power
compensation we can control the power factor and reduce
the consumption of electricity.
References
 Reactive Power Compensation A Practical Guide by
Wolfgang Hofmann.
 Reactive Power Compensation by Dr. Hadaia
Mahmood Alassouli.
 https://www.quora.com/Why-is-reactive-power-comp
ensation-needed-in-a-power-system

 https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/accircuits/reactiv
e-power.html
THANK YOU !

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