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Lecture #5 - Limits and Continuity

1) The document discusses key concepts in calculus including limits, continuity, and differential calculus. It provides examples of calculating limits and determining continuity. 2) Specific examples calculate the limit of functions as x approaches values like 1, 2, and 0. Continuity is analyzed at points like c=1, c=2, and x=3 by checking if the limit, function value, and left/right limits are equal. 3) An assignment is given to 1) evaluate a specific limit and 2) analyze the continuity of a function f(x) by the definition and determining if it is continuous or what type of discontinuity exists.

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ABDIRAHMAN BASHIR
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89 views12 pages

Lecture #5 - Limits and Continuity

1) The document discusses key concepts in calculus including limits, continuity, and differential calculus. It provides examples of calculating limits and determining continuity. 2) Specific examples calculate the limit of functions as x approaches values like 1, 2, and 0. Continuity is analyzed at points like c=1, c=2, and x=3 by checking if the limit, function value, and left/right limits are equal. 3) An assignment is given to 1) evaluate a specific limit and 2) analyze the continuity of a function f(x) by the definition and determining if it is continuous or what type of discontinuity exists.

Uploaded by

ABDIRAHMAN BASHIR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Limits & Continuity

Calculus
• It is a fact that the application of concepts of calculus in the
business arena, specially in marginal analysis and optimization
problems is paramount.

• In this part of the module, basic concepts in calculus to be


seen include: concept of limit and continuity, and their major
application areas in business.
Differential Calculus:
• It is one aspect of calculus that measures the rate of change in
one variable as another variable changes.

• It broadens the idea of slope.


• A function: if for every value of a variable x, there corresponds
exactly one and only one value of the variable y, we call y is a
function of x, written as:
• Y = f(x).

• Limits: the limit of f(x) as x  c is ℓ


• which is written as:
• Lim f(x) = ℓ,

• If and only if the functional value f(x) is close to the single real
number ℓ, whenever x is close to, but not equal to c (on either side
of c).
xc
Problem solving:
1)•   For the function f(x) = + 2, find the limit of f(x) as x
approaches 1.

x 0.8 0.9 0.99 0.999 1 1.000 1.001 1.01 1.1


1

f(x) = + 2 2.64 2.81 2.9801 2.998 3.0002 3.002 3.021 3.21

   
Lim f(x) = 3 =3 =3
x1
2)•   For the function f(x) = , find;
a. lim f(x) b. lim f(x)

x2 x0

x 1.9 1.99 1.999 2 2.0001 2.001 2.01

f(x) = 1 1 1 1 1 1

   
Lim f(x) = 1 =1 =1
x2
x - 0.999 - 0.99 - 0.9 0 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1

f(x) = -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1
 
=-1  
=1
Lim f(x) = Does Not Exist  
x0 Because: ≠
Continuity of a Function:
• Definition: a function f is continuous at the point x = c; only if:
1. lim f(x) → exists
2. f(c) is defined
3. lim f(x) = f(c)
Problem solving:
•1)  Using the definition of continuity, discuss the continuity of
the function f(x) = at C=1
C=2
• At c = 1; lim f(x)
x1

x 0.9 0.99 0.999 1 1.0001 1.001 1.01 1.1

f(x) = 2.9 2.99 2.999 3.0001 3.001 3.01 3.1

   
=3 =3
 • Thus, lim f(x) exists; f(1) = Therefore: f(x) = is continuous
at c = 1 x  1
•  At c = 2; lim f(x)
x2

x 1.9 1.99 1.999 2 2.0001 2.001 2.01 2.1

f(x) 3.9 3.99 3.999 4.0001 4.001 4.01 4.1

 
 
=4 =4
• f(2) = Therefore: f(x) ≠

• Thus, lim f(x) ≠ lim f(c)


• Therefore, f(x) is not continuous at c = 2
•2)  Using the definition of continuity, discuss the continuity of the
function f(x) =
at 3

• f(2) = = 2 Therefore; limit exists


• Thus; lim f(x) = = 2
 
• lim f(x) = = 2 Right side = Left side; limit exists
Meaning that f(x) = f(2) = 2
 
To check from the right side  

• f(3) = 2(3) + 5 = 11
Therefore; limit exists p ity
m
Ju tinu
• lim f(x) = = 7 n
is co
d
 • lim f(x) = 2(3) + 5 = 11
Right side ≠ Left side;
Meaning that f(x) = DNE
   
•3)  f(x) =

• f(-1) = 5 Therefore; limit exists

• f(x) = 2(-1) + 5 = 3 le ity


H nuo
  o nti
c
Right side = Left side; limit exists dis
• f(x) = = 3 But that f(x) ≠ f(-1)
   
Assignment
•1)  Evaluate the limit shown below:
lim
 

2) Using the definition of continuity, discuss the continuity of


function f(x); is it continuous or not? If not, what is the type
of discontinuity?
f(x) =

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