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Pertemuan 3

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51 views19 pages

Pertemuan 3

Uploaded by

Hendry Z
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MEETING 3

CHAPTER 3
SCORE SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
• Mathematics deserves to be called a bridge of science and technology.
For example, the very rapid advancement of space technology today is
due to advances in the field of physics.
• The basic concept of a computer system is the binary system, the
decimal system and the hexadecimal system. In the binary system is a
system that recognizes 2 numbers. The so-called Bit. In the binary
system we will recognize the information element unit system, the time
unit and the character encoding system frequency.
• In the decimal system using base 10, deca means 10. The decimal
number system uses 10 kinds of number symbols, namely: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. In the hexadecimal system using base 16, hexa means 6
and deca means 10. The hexadecimal number system uses 16 kinds of
number symbols, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
INTRODUCTION
BILANGAN SYSTEM (NUMBER SYSTEM) Is a way to represent the quantity of a

physical item. The number system uses a certain base (base / radix) which

depends on the number of numbers used. Basic Concepts of Number Systems A

number system always has a Base (radix), absolute digits and positional (place)

values. Types of Number Systems A computer system recognizes several number

systems, such as:

1. Decimal Numbering System.

2. Binary Numbering System.

3. Octal Numbering System.

4. Hexadecimal Number System.


BINARY NUMBERS AND DESIMAL NUMBERS

The binary number system or base two number system is a


system of writing numbers using two symbols namely 0 and 1.
Modern binary number system discovered by Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz in the 17th century.
This number system is the basis of all number systems digital
based. From the binary system, we can convert them to Octal or
Hexadecimal number system. This system can also us call the term
bits, or Binary Digits. Binary grouping in a computer there are
always 8, with the term 1 Byte. In in computer terms, 1 Byte = 8
bits. Design codes computers, such as ASCII, American Standard
Code for Information Interchange uses a 1 Byte coding system.
BINARY NUMBERS AND DESIMAL NUMBERS

• So in general the formula for calculating numbers


based on 2 and 10 is:
Base 10 : 10n,..., 103, 102, 101, 100
Base 2 : 2n,..., 23, 22, 21, 20
• In three digits, the base 10 number, say the
number 596 means:
5 X 102 + 9 X 101 + 6 X 100 =
5 X 100 + 9 X 10 + 6 X 1
BINARY NUMBERS AND DESIMAL NUMBERS

With in three digit based numbers 2, let's say the


number 101, if we convert it to in base 10 is equal
to:
1 X 22 + 0 X 21 + 1 X 20 =
1X4+0X2+1X1=
4+0+1=5
This is usually written with 1012 = 5 10
BINARY NUMBERS AND DESIMAL NUMBERS

Conversely, if the number is in base 10 it will be


converted to a base 2 number, there are several
ways that can be done, for example with three the
following ways:
Method 1:
By writing the remainder of the quotient of
numbers base 10 with 2 from bottom to top.
Example 2510 = .........2
BINARY NUMBERS AND DESIMAL NUMBERS

remaining quotient
25
2 -------- 1
12
2 -------- 0
6
2 -------- 0
3
2 -------- 1 As a result 2510 = 1100112
1
2 -------- 1
0
BINARY NUMBERS AND DESIMAL NUMBERS

Method 2:
Almost the same as method 1, only done to side and
the results are written from left to right.
25 = (12 X 2) + 1
((6 X 2) + 0) + 1
(((3 X 2) + 0)) + 0 + 1
((((1 X 2) + 1) + 0)) + 1
(((((0 X 2) + 1) + 1) + 0)) + 0 + 1

As a result 2510 = 110012


BINARY NUMBERS AND DESIMAL NUMBERS

Method 3:
Just fill in the number 1 below assist numbers so
that when added up a number expected value (in
this case 25). Number these aids are:
16 8 4 2 1 auxiliary numbers
.... ... ... ... ...
Of course the contents are:
16 8 4 2 1 auxiliary numbers
11 0 0 1
BINARY NUMBERS AND DESIMAL NUMBERS

The auxiliary numbers are nothing but general


formulas from base 2:

2n,...., 23, 22, 21, 20


X,......, 8 4 2 1
ADDITION OPERATIONS
Here is an example of a digital circuit diagram where
A and B is the single binary value (one digit) that is
made the input to be summed by the circuit. S is the
result of the addition (sum) and C is the savings (carry).
ADDITION OPERATIONS
The results can be seen
in the following table:

To add to a binary number, the steps taken are


the same as for adding to a decimal number.
Because the highest number that is owned is
only the number 1, so if the addition produces
the number 2, it will be written as 0 with a note
that it still keeps 1. If the addition produces the
number 3, it will be written 1 and still keep 1
(see example).
REDUCTION OPERATIONS
• In manual calculations, the subtraction
operation on binary numbers can also be
performed as we do for decimal numbers.
Here is the basic calculation for subtraction in
bin numbers.
If in making a deduction it turns out that the
number you have is still insufficient, then steps
can be taken by borrowing the number on the
left. 1 number if borrowed / moved to the
right, will have a value of 2 (see example).
ONE’S COMPLEMENT
• Complement can be interpreted as a balance. For
example, for a 4 digit binary number the
acceptable value is
2(4-1) – 1 = 7
• If more than 7 then the count result will not be
valid.
• While the leftmost bit is used as a sign which if it
contains the value 1 then the number is negative
and if it is 0 then the number is positive.
TWO’S COMPLEMENT
• Making negative numbers from positive
numbers (for example, for 4 bits) in two's
complement is done by changing all 1 values
to 0 and changing all 0 values to 1 and then
adding 1 or by changing all values to 0 and
changing all 0 values to 1, except for 1 to the
right and 0 to the right.
MULTIPLES OPERATIONS
• Manually, the method of multiplying the multiplication is the same
between base two and base ten, it's just that in base two it is much
simpler, that is, if there is a multiplication between A and B then it
applies:
 If digit in B is 0 then the result is 0
 If the digit in B is 1 then the result is the digit in A.

The steps taken when multiplying binary


numbers are the same as those for decimal
numbers. This can be seen in the existing
example.
SIGNED DIGIT NUMBER SYSTEM
• The following is an example of writing a number
using the signed digit number system method.
• Example for numbers 28 dan -28 is as follows :
28 = 32 – 8 + 4 = 25 – 23 + 22 = 0010 – 1100
or the same if you count:
28 = 32 – 4 = 25 – 22 = 00100 – 001
• For negative numbers:
-28 = -32 + 8 – 4 = -25 + 23 – 22 = 00 -101 -1 00 or the
same if you count:
-28 = -32 + 4 = -25 + 22 = 00 -1 00100
DIVISION OPERATIONS
• Manually, the division operation is the same
between base two and base 10.

The principle of division in binary numbers is


no different from the principle of division in
decimal numbers. This can be seen in the
existing examples.

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