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Lesson Transsition.

The document discusses different types of transitions and cohesive devices used in writing, including transition words that provide more information, examples, reasons, results, purposes, comparisons, sequences, summaries, or conclusions. It also explains anaphoric reference which refers back to something mentioned earlier, cataphoric reference which refers to something mentioned later, and exophoric reference which refers to something outside the text.

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52 views

Lesson Transsition.

The document discusses different types of transitions and cohesive devices used in writing, including transition words that provide more information, examples, reasons, results, purposes, comparisons, sequences, summaries, or conclusions. It also explains anaphoric reference which refers back to something mentioned earlier, cataphoric reference which refers to something mentioned later, and exophoric reference which refers to something outside the text.

Uploaded by

mixxboom0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELC151

WEEK 3: READING

TRANSITIONS
Prepared by:
Mdm Zuriani Hj Yaacob
Semester: March –August 2021
What are transitions and how
are they used?
Transition words and
phrases help make clear
connections between
ideas and see that
sentences and
paragraphs flow together
smoothly, making them
easier to read.
Transition words:
 Provide more information
 Provide an example
 Provide a cause or reason
 Provide a result or an effect
 Provide a purpose or reason
 Provide a comparison or contrast
 Provide a sequence
 Provide a summary
 Provide a conclusion
Transition words that provide
more information
 Besides
 Furthermore
 In addition
 Indeed
 In fact
 Moreover
 Second
 Third
Transition words that provide
an example
 For example
 For instance
 In particular
 Particularly
 Specifically
 To demonstrate
 To illustrate
Transition words that provide a
cause or reason
 As
 Because
 Because of
 Due to
 For
 For the reason that
 Since
Transition words that provide a
result or an effect
 Accordingly
 Finally
 Consequently
 Hence
 So
 Therefore
 Thus
Transition words that provide a
purpose or reason
 For fear that
 In the hope that
 In order to
 So
 So that
 With this in mind
Transition words that provide a
comparison or contrast
 Although
 However
 In comparison
 In contrast
 Likewise
 Nevertheless
 On the other hand
 Similarly
 Whereas
 Yet
Transition words that provide a
sequence
 After  Initially
 Before
 Lastly
 Currently
 Later
 During
 Eventually  Meanwhile
 Finally  Next
 First,...Second,..., etc. Previously
 Formerly  Simultaneously
 Immediately
 Soon
 Subsequently
Transition words that provide a
summary
 Briefly
 In brief
 Overall
 Summing up
 To put it briefly
 To sum up
 To summarize
Transition words that provide a
conclusion
 Given these facts
 Hence
 In conclusion
 So
 Thus
 To conclude
 Therefore
Ready for a Quiz ?
How much do you know about
using transition words? Take
the Quiz and find out.
Can you transition?
Choose a transition word to
complete the following
sentences.
Choose the best transition
I love to write essays for
school.  Due to, I really enjoy
receiving large amounts of
homework from my teachers.

Nevertheless
In fact Due to
Choose the best transition
Although I do enjoy cooking as
a hobby, I will not prepare all
the food for your party.

On the other handAlthoughTo put it briefly


Choose the best transition
Although I promised to go to
school today, I stayed home to
watch television.

CurrentlyIndeedAlthough
Choose the best transition
Eventually they learned that
the new student was from
California.

Eventually
OverallTo demonstrate
Choose the best
transition
 Polls show that the Beatles are the
most popular singing group of this
century. However ,
there are country music fans who
would disagree.

In particular However
For instance
Choose the best transition

There are some slight variations


in climate, but as a rule   mild
winters can be expected in the
South.

consequently
otherwise as a rule  
Choose the best transition

The two larger cities, namely


Knoxville and Chattanooga, are in
East Tennessee.

finally namely
in summary 
Choose the best
transition 
It was announced that teachers'
working hours would be longer
than other professions Likewise,
even fewer new teachers are
expected to join the profession.

As a result So that Likewise 


Choose the best transition
Sales of cassettes have dropped
over the past 12 months. In
contrast , CDs have seen an
increase in sales.

Above all Correspon


dingly
In contrast
Choose the best transition

 The mayor explained that tax


collection was down, it would be
necessary to freeze salaries at their
current level. In other words , no-
one was getting a pay rise.
NeverthelessIn
other words
Similarly 
Choose the best transition  

 It is clear, therefore, that Robert’s


grades in English will improve only
slowly due to his hard work. With
reference to the problems he is
experiencing in algebra, the outlook is
slightly less optimistic.
Furthermore
In comparison
With reference to  
Choose the best transition
 In order to try to reduce car use in the
inner cities, the government has
announced new restrictions and, as
well as , a new tax on individual car
use.

as well as
in addition
in the same way  
Choose the best transition    

Homework must be handed in by


the deadline, otherwise they will
not be graded.

obviously
otherwise
as a result    
Choose the best transition
Because it has been shown that
many accidents occur on
motorcycles, the use of helmets
should be required.

Nevertheless
Because
Even though   
More transition words
can be found below:

The Writing Center


Transition Words and Phrases
Online Writing Lab
ELC151
WEEK 3: READING

COHESIVE DEVICES
Prepared by:
Mdm Zuriani Hj Yaacob
Cohesive Devices
 Reference words that show the logical relationships
between the various parts of a text as well as
between sentences and across sentences and
paragraphs.
 Writers use cohesive devices to show their direction
of thought patterns and understanding these devices
helps the readers to accurately follow the writer’s
train of thought.
 Examples of cohesive devices:
a) Anaphoric reference
b) Cataphoric reference
c) Exophoric reference
A) Anaphoric Reference
 Occurs when a word or phrase refers to
something mentioned earlier in the
discourse.
 Here’s an example of anaphoric reference:
Michael went to the bank. He was annoyed
because it was closed.

He refers to Michael.
it refers to the bank.
 Anaphoric reference often makes use of the
definite article the, because one of the
functions of the definite article is to indicate
that something has already been mentioned.
 Here’s another example:
He sat down at the table and took a small box from
his pocket. The object felt heavy in his hands.
Inside it was the key to his future.
Both the object and it refer back to a small box
in the first sentence.
B) Cataphoric Reference
 Cataphoric reference occurs when a word or phrase
refers to something mentioned later in the discourse.
 Here are some examples of cataphoric reference:
Although I phone her every week, my mother still
complains that I don’t keep in touch often enough.

Her refers to my mother.

The book was there on the table. I’d never read Moby


Dick and I didn’t intend to do so now.

The book refers to Moby Dick.


C) Exophoric Reference
 Exophoric reference occurs when a word or phrase refers to
something outside the discourse.
 Here are some examples of exophoric reference:
“They‘re late again, can you believe it?”
“I know! Well, they’d better get here soon or it‘ll get cold.”
They refers to some people outside the discourse known to
both speakers.
It also refers to something that both speakers know about
(perhaps the dinner).

 The use of exophoric reference requires some shared


knowledge between two speakers, or between writer and
reader(s).
WEEK 3 : LISTENING
 https://www.englishclub.com/efl/category/pod
casts/interesting-facts/

 Complete the exercise on Black Friday and


International Pilots require…

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