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Introduction To Computer: A Device That Processes Input and Generates Output

This document provides an introduction to computers, including definitions, history, types, hardware, software, storage devices, and applications. It defines a computer as a programmable machine that accepts input in the form of digital data and manipulates it based on a program. The history section outlines the development of computers from early generations using vacuum tubes to modern silicon chips. Later sections describe types of computers, the hardware and software components, primary and secondary storage, and common applications of computers.

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91 views17 pages

Introduction To Computer: A Device That Processes Input and Generates Output

This document provides an introduction to computers, including definitions, history, types, hardware, software, storage devices, and applications. It defines a computer as a programmable machine that accepts input in the form of digital data and manipulates it based on a program. The history section outlines the development of computers from early generations using vacuum tubes to modern silicon chips. Later sections describe types of computers, the hardware and software components, primary and secondary storage, and common applications of computers.

Uploaded by

KRUPALI RAIYANI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Computer

A device that processes input and


generates output
Definition
• A computer is a programmable machine.
• A computer is a device that accepts
information (in the form of digitalized data)
and manipulates it for some result based on a
program or sequence of instructions on how
the data is to be processed.
History
• Vacuum Tubes (1950s) – 1st Generation
• Size to high
• More power consumption
• Storage low
• Less process
• No GUI
• Cooling Required
• No OS
• Was very Expensive
• Non technical person can not used
Transistors (1950s and 1960s) – 2nd Generation

• Vacuum tube replaced by transistor


• Low space
• Low Heat
• More storage space
• No OS
• No GUI
• Magnetic taps
Integrated Circuits (1960s and 70s) – 3rd
Generation

• Some GUI concepts and OS


• Size to small
• Lower price
• High storage capacity
• Floppy disk
Silicon computer chips (1970s and on) – 4th
Generation

• Low Size
• Low cost
• Easy to Use
• OS and GUI
• High Storage capacity
• High processing capacity
Types of Computer
• Personal Computer: a small, single-user computer based on a
microprocessor. In addition to the microprocessor, a personal computer
has a keyboard for entering data, a monitor for displaying information,
and a storage device for saving data.
• Workstation: a powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a
personal computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a
higher-quality monitor.
• Minicomputer: a multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to
hundreds of users simultaneously.
• Mainframe: a powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting
many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.
• Supercomputer: an extremely fast computer that can perform
hundreds of millions of instructions per second.
Hardware & Software
• Computer Hardware is the physical part of a computer. The
hardware is infrequently changed, while software and data are
frequently changed.
• Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer.
• This also sometimes called the machinery or the equipment of the
computer.
• Examples of hardware in a computer are the keyboard, monitor,
mouse, and the processing unit.
• A computer's hardware is comprised of many different parts, but
perhaps the most important one is the Motherboard.
• Hardware is limited to specifically designed tasks that are, taken
independently and very simple.
Software
• Software, commonly known as programs, consist of all the
electronic instructions that tell the hardware how to
perform the task.
• These instructions come from a software developer in the
form that will be accepted by the platform that they are
based on.
• The software is capable of many tasks as opposed to the
hardware which only perform mechanically tasks that they
are designed for.
• Software is the electronic instructions that tells the
computer to perform a task.
Types of Software
• 1) System Software:
• System Softwares are responsible for controlling,
integrating and managing the individual hardware
components of a computer system.
• They also act as an interface between hardware
and software.
• Generally, these consists of and Operating System
and some fundamental utilities.
• Examples: Windows OS, Linux, Unix etc..
Types of Software
• 2) Application Softwares:
• Application Softwares are used to accomplish
specific task other than just running the
computer system.
• Example: VLC Player, Web Browser, Photoshop
etc…
• Application software may consists of single
program or a collection of program.
Primary Storage Devices
• Random Access Memory
• Stores program data and instructions
temporarily.
• It is volatile.
• Directly accessible to CPU.
• Faster than Secondary storage devices.
Secondary Storage Devices
• Memory that is capable of holding data and
having that data read from the chip but not
written to.
• Non-volatile.
• Data stored in this chip is either unchangeable
or requires a special operation to change.
Applications
• Banking
• Insurance
• Education
• Marketing
• Health Care
• Engineering Design
• Military
• Communication
• Government

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