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    Methods of Separating Components of Mixtures

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    SrynnE
    This document discusses various methods for separating mixtures, including filtration, mechanical separation, flotation, centrifugation, distillation, fractional crystallization, and chromatography. It explains how each method works and provides examples, such as using a filter to separate insoluble solids from liquids, sieves and magnets for mechanical separation, and distillation to separate liquids with different boiling points. The document also includes review questions to test the understanding of these separation techniques.

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    Methods of Separating Components of Mixtures

    Uploaded by

    SrynnE
    36 views27 pages
    This document discusses various methods for separating mixtures, including filtration, mechanical separation, flotation, centrifugation, distillation, fractional crystallization, and chromatography. It explains how each method works and provides examples, such as using a filter to separate insoluble solids from liquids, sieves and magnets for mechanical separation, and distillation to separate liquids with different boiling points. The document also includes review questions to test the understanding of these separation techniques.

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    4. Methods of Separating Components of Mixtures

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    This document discusses various methods for separating mixtures, including filtration, mechanical separation, flotation, centrifugation, distillation, fractional crystallization, and chromatography. It explains how each method works and provides examples, such as using a filter to separate insoluble solids from liquids, sieves and magnets for mechanical separation, and distillation to separate liquids with different boiling points. The document also includes review questions to test the understanding of these separation techniques.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    36 views27 pages

    Methods of Separating Components of Mixtures

    Uploaded by

    SrynnE
    This document discusses various methods for separating mixtures, including filtration, mechanical separation, flotation, centrifugation, distillation, fractional crystallization, and chromatography. It explains how each method works and provides examples, such as using a filter to separate insoluble solids from liquids, sieves and magnets for mechanical separation, and distillation to separate liquids with different boiling points. The document also includes review questions to test the understanding of these separation techniques.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    Methods of Separating Components of

    Mixtures
    Your name | Teacher’s name | School
    Mixtures
    • Something is a MIXTURE if it contains two (or more)
    substances that are not chemically joined together.
    • The substances in a mixture can often be easily
    separated from one another.
    • Solubility – capability of being dissolved (solid to liquid)
    • Miscibility – capability of being mixed (liquid to liquid)
    Mixtures can be separated by means of:

    • Filtration
    • Mechanical separation
    • Flotation
    • Centrifugation
    • Distillation
    • Fractional Crystallization
    • Chromatography
    Filtration
    • The process of separating the insoluble solid from the
    liquid substance by allowing the liquid to pass through
    a porous material.
    • Residue – the solid particles which are retained in the
    filter paper.
    • Filtrate – the clear liquid which passes through the filter
    paper.
    • Example: Sand and water
    Mechanical Separation
    • Involves the use of forceps, sieves,
    magnets and other similar tools.
    • Gravel and sand are separated by picking
    the gravel or passing the mixture over a
    wire screen.
    Flotation
    • A process in which some solids of a
    suspension mixture are allowed to settle
    and the less dense material is poured off.
    • Example: panning of gold
    Centrifugation
    • Speed up the settling of the precipitate.
    • The centrifuge is a motor-driven apparatus.
    • The centripetal force developed during the rotation
    brings the precipitate to the bottom of the tube.
    • The supernatant liquid or centrifugate is poured
    off.
    Decantation
    • To draw off a liquid without disturbing the
    sediment or the lower liquid layers into
    another vessel
    • Example: panning of gold
    Distillation (Simple)
    • Is a process that involves the evaporation and condensation of
    volatile liquid.
    • The more volatile liquid in the mixture boils off first, evaporates,
    then condenses.
    • Distillate – is the liquid formed from the condensation of the vapor.
    • Distillation is used for:
    a. Separating solvent from solute
    b. Liquids with different boiling points
    Fractional Distillation
    • Is a process used to separate a liquid mixture
    with a small range of boiling points.
    • The volatile components are separated one
    after another in a decreasing order of boiling
    points
    • Example: crude oil is separated into fractions of
    gasoline, kerosene, lubricating oil, etc.
    Chromatography
    • Uses the difference in degree to which
    substances are absorbed on the surface of
    an inert substance.
    • Column and thin layer chromatography are
    examples of adsorption chromatography.
    • Example: color components of ink
    Give practical examples of
    how do you practice
    separation of mixtures at
    home.
    Quiz
    1

    To get salt out of a solution (separating salt from


    water) we could try_____.
    a. Melting it
    b. Evaporating the water so the salt is left behind
    c. Using a magnet
    d. Using the solute to redissolve it
    2

    Which one of the following methods would NOT be


    used to separate an insoluble solid and a liquid?
    a. chromatography
    b. decanting
    c. evaporation
    d. filtration
    3

    Which one of the following pairs of separation


    techniques will BOTH separate sand from a
    mixture of salt and water.
    a.Decanting and distillation
    b.Decanting and filtration
    c.Chromatography and evaporation
    d.Distillation and evaporation
    4

    If I pour the water off after I boil the potatoes,


    what separation technique did I practice?
    a. Filtration
    b. Decanting
    c. Flotation
    d. Mechanical separation
    5

    Which of the following separations cannot be


    carried out using a centrifuge?
    a. water from wet clothes
    b. salt from sea water
    c. red blood cells from plasma
    d. cream from milk
    Ind e x o f Ma ste ry
    Se c t io n s
    Sc o re s
    STEM - A STEM - B STEM - C
    5
    4
    3
    2
    1
    0
    To t a l 0 0 0
    # DIV/ 0! # DIV/ 0! # DIV/ 0!

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