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See From A Distance :-Converting Light From Pictures Into Electrical Signals and Transmitting Them Through Wires

The document summarizes the history and development of television. It discusses early demonstrations of television in the 1920s and key inventions that enabled television broadcast to begin in the 1930s. However, World War 2 slowed further progress. After the war, television grew rapidly as a popular medium. The document also discusses differences in television standards between countries and regions, and challenges caused by a lack of universal standards. It provides an overview of color television systems and how coverage is achieved through broadcast and relay stations.

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Gurjyot Singh
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81 views13 pages

See From A Distance :-Converting Light From Pictures Into Electrical Signals and Transmitting Them Through Wires

The document summarizes the history and development of television. It discusses early demonstrations of television in the 1920s and key inventions that enabled television broadcast to begin in the 1930s. However, World War 2 slowed further progress. After the war, television grew rapidly as a popular medium. The document also discusses differences in television standards between countries and regions, and challenges caused by a lack of universal standards. It provides an overview of color television systems and how coverage is achieved through broadcast and relay stations.

Uploaded by

Gurjyot Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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|  

‡  - see from a


distance
‡   :-Converting light
from pictures into electrical
signals and transmitting them
through wires.
istory
‡ The first demonstration of actual television was
given by J.L. Baird in UK and C.F. Jenkins in
USA around 1927 by using ` 


 ` `

‡ owever, with the invention of the  


 Ñthe iconoscope)and the success of V.K.
Zworykin of the USA.

‡ By 1930 electromagnetic scanning of both


camera and picture tubes and other ancillary
circuits such as for beam deflection, video
amplification, etc. were developed.
istory
‡ Though television broadcast started in
1935, world political developments and
the second world war slowed down the
progress of television.
‡ With the end of the war, television rapidly
grew into a popular medium for
dispersion of news and mass
entertainment.
‡ Early TV receivers manufactured in India
and other countries used vacuum tube
circuitry.

‡ owever, with rapid advances in technology,


hybrid circuitry soon came into use and
transistors replaced most vacuum tubes.

‡ With the widespread development of


integrated circuits, special ICs are now
available and are fast replacing discrete
circuitry employing transistors.
TV Standards Worldwide
‡ In the absence of any       , three
monochrome Ñà . black and white) systems grew
independently.

‡ These are the 525 line American, the 625 line European
and the 819 line French systems.
‡ Disadvantage: prevents direct exchange of programme
between countries using different television standards

‡ Later, efforts by the all world committee on radio and


television ÑCCIR) for changing to a common 625 line
system by all concerned proved ineffective and thus all
the three systems have apparently come to stay.

‡ In India, where television transmission started in 1959,


the 625-B monochrome system has been adopted.
Disadvantages of Diff. Standards
‡ This prevents direct exchange of
programme between countries using
different television standards.
‡ The inability to change over to a common
system is mainly due to the high cost of
replacing both the transmitting equipment
and the millions of receivers already in use.

‡ Although in some countries like UK :415


line monochrome system was in use, has
changed to the 625 line system with some
modification in the channel bandwidth.
Colour Systems for TV
‡ Three different standards of black and white
television - resulted in the development of three
different systems of colour television, resp.
compatible with the three monochrome systems.
‡ The original colour system was that adopted by
the USA in 1953 on the recommendations of its
National Television Systems Committee and
hence called the   
‡ The other two colour   
are later modifications of the NTSC
system, with minor improvements, to conform to
the other two monochrome standards.
   

‡ The PAL system was adopted by Germany and


UK in 1967. Subsequently Australia, Spain, Iran
and several other countries in West and South
Asia have opted for the PAL system.

‡ SECAM system was initially developed and


adopted in France in 1967. Later versions, known
as SECAM IV and SECAM V were developed in
Russia and called as NIR-SECAM systems.
‡ All three systems have found acceptance in their
respective countries.
‡ The deciding factor for adoption was compatibility
with the already existing monochrome system.
NTSC /PAL /SECAM
‡ India adopted the 625-B monochrome
Ñblack and white) and the compatible PAL-
B colour systems.

‡ Most European and many other countries


are also using these standards.

‡ owever, majority of the available


literature on television deals with the
American 525 line monochrome and
NTSC colour systems.
Coverage:
‡ Most programmes are produced live in the
studio but recorded on video tape at a
convenient time to be broadcast later.

‡ For remote pick-ups the signal is relayed


by cable or RF link to the studio for
broadcasting in the assigned channel.
‡ Each television broadcast station is
assigned a channel bandwidth of 7 M
Ñ6 M in the American, 8 M in the
British and 14 M in the French
systems).

‡ In the earlier days TV broadcast was


confined to assigned VF bands of 41 to
68 M and 174 to 230 M

‡ Later additional channel allocations have


been made in the UF band between 470
and 890 M .
‡ Because of the use of VF-UF frequencies
for television broadcast, reception of TV
signals is limited to roughly the line of sight
distance.
‡ This usually varies between 75 and 140 km
depending on the topography and radiated
power.
‡ Area of TV broadcast coverage can be
extended by means of relay stations that
rebroadcast signals received via microwave
links or coaxial cables.
‡ A matrix of such relay stations can be used
to provide complete national coverage.

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