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    Gas Lift Valve Mechanics

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    اسلام الشتيوي
    1) Gas lift systems require selecting the proper gas lift valve type to be designed and operated efficiently. The two main types are injection pressure operated (IPO) valves and production pressure operated (PPO) valves. 2) IPO valves are primarily sensitive to casing pressure while PPO valves are primarily sensitive to tubing pressure. Valve opening and closing pressures can be calculated based on dome pressure, tubing pressure, casing pressure, and the ratio of port area to bellows area. 3) Continous gas lift systems also include unloading valves at intermediate depths and an orifice valve at the injection point to control flow.

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    Gas Lift Valve Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    اسلام الشتيوي
    676 views22 pages
    1) Gas lift systems require selecting the proper gas lift valve type to be designed and operated efficiently. The two main types are injection pressure operated (IPO) valves and production pressure operated (PPO) valves. 2) IPO valves are primarily sensitive to casing pressure while PPO valves are primarily sensitive to tubing pressure. Valve opening and closing pressures can be calculated based on dome pressure, tubing pressure, casing pressure, and the ratio of port area to bellows area. 3) Continous gas lift systems also include unloading valves at intermediate depths and an orifice valve at the injection point to control flow.

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    Gas lift valve mechanics

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    1) Gas lift systems require selecting the proper gas lift valve type to be designed and operated efficiently. The two main types are injection pressure operated (IPO) valves and production pressure operated (PPO) valves. 2) IPO valves are primarily sensitive to casing pressure while PPO valves are primarily sensitive to tubing pressure. Valve opening and closing pressures can be calculated based on dome pressure, tubing pressure, casing pressure, and the ratio of port area to bellows area. 3) Continous gas lift systems also include unloading valves at intermediate depths and an orifice valve at the injection point to control flow.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    676 views22 pages

    Gas Lift Valve Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    اسلام الشتيوي
    1) Gas lift systems require selecting the proper gas lift valve type to be designed and operated efficiently. The two main types are injection pressure operated (IPO) valves and production pressure operated (PPO) valves. 2) IPO valves are primarily sensitive to casing pressure while PPO valves are primarily sensitive to tubing pressure. Valve opening and closing pressures can be calculated based on dome pressure, tubing pressure, casing pressure, and the ratio of port area to bellows area. 3) Continous gas lift systems also include unloading valves at intermediate depths and an orifice valve at the injection point to control flow.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    GAS LIFT VALVE MECHANICS:

    A gas lift system can not be designed properly or operated efficiently


    unless a proper valve type is selected and the mechanics of a such valve is
    thoroughly understood.
    Types of gas-lift valves:
    1- Injection Pressure or casing pressure Operated valve (IPO):

    The body is designed to allow the casing pressure to act on the larger
    area of the bellows. Therefore, the IPO valve is mainly sensitive to Pc.

    2- Production Pressure or tubing pressure Operated valve (PPO):


    In PPO valve, the tubing pressure is acting on the larger area of the
    bellows; making the valve primarily sensitive to Pt.
    PPO VALVE IPO VALVE
    - Gas lift valve nomenclature:
    PC= casing pressure (pressure of gas-lift gas)
    Pt = tubing pressure (flowing or static fluid pressure)
    1- Casing pressure operated valve with single loading element
    (pressurized dome):
    -Pov (valve opening pressure):

    @ the instant before opening


    Pd Fc = Fo
    Pd x Ab = Pc (Ab - Ap) + Pt Ap
    Pc Pd x Ab = Pc Ab- Pc Ap +Pt Ap
    divide by Ab
    Pd = Pc – Pc Ap/Ab + Pt Ap/Ab
    Let Ap/Ab = R
    Pt Pd= Pc – Pc R + Pt R
    Solve for Pc:
    Pc = Pov = (Pd – Pt R )/1-R
    Pc= (Pd/ 1-R)- (Pt R)/1-R
    (R/1-R) is the Tubing Effect Factor (TEF)
    Pt R/1-R = Tubing Effect (TE) = Pt (TEF) (commonly reported as a
    percentage)
    -Pvc (valve closing pressure):
    @ the instance before closing:
    Fo =Fc
    Pc (Ab-Ap)+Pc Ap = Pd Ab
    Pc Ab- Pc Ap+ Pc Ap = Pd Ab Pd
    Pc Ab = Pd Ab divide by Ab
    Pvc = Pc = Pd Pc

    -∆P across the valve (spread):


    = Pvo-Pvc
    = (Pd – Pt R )/1-R - Pd
    ∆P = (R/1-R) (Pd – Pt)

    ∆Pmin = 0 if Pt = Pd
    ∆Pmax if Pt = 0
    Ex1:Calculate Pvo for a valve located @ 6000 ft. The available data:
    Pd =700 psi
    Pt = 500 psi @ 6000 ft
    Ab = 1.0 sq in
    Ap = 0.1 sq.in

    Solution:
    R = Ap/Ab = 0.1
    Pc = 722 psi =Pvo @ 6000 ft
    TEF = R/(1-R) = 0.1111
    TE = Pt (TEF) = 500 * 0.1111 = 56 psi
    If Pt = 0, then Pvo = 722 + 56 = 778 psi (This is called the maximum Pvo)
    Therefore, Pt =500 psi reduces Pvo to 722 psi.
    The valve is 93 % sensitive to Pc and 7 % to Pt
    Continues gas lift system consists of a number of unloading valves with
    an orifice valve @ the gas injection point (main operating valve. The
    main features of unloading valves are:
    -Normally required during unloading phase only
    -Open only when annulus and tubing pressures are high enough to
    overcome valve set pressure
    -Valve closes after transfer to next station
    -May be spring or nitrogen charged
    If the surface injection pressure is high enough to unload the well,
    unloading valves are useless and should be replaced by a dummy
    valves.
    GAS LIFT VALVE MECHANICS

    Dummy valves Orifice valves Unloading valves

    • Square edged • Injection pressure (casing)


    • Venturi (nova) operated valves
    • production pressure (fluid)
    operated valves
    • Throttling/proportional
    response valves
    Diaphragm/
    Atmospheric Bellows

    Spring

    Stem Upstream/
    Casing
    Stem Tip
    Upstream
    Downstream

    Port

    Downstream/Tubing

    Pressure Regulator Spring Operated Gas Lift Valve


    VALVE OPENING & CLOSING PRESSURES

    F=PXA

    WHEN THE VALVE IS CLOSED


    TO OPEN IT…..
    Pd 1 Pd
    Pd x Ab= Pc (Ab - Ap) + Pt Ap
    2
    Pc
    1
    Pc
    WHEN THE VALVE IS OPEN
    TO CLOSE IT…..
    2
    Pd x Ab = Pc (Ab)

    Pt
    VALVE OPENING & CLOSING PRESSURES
    CLOSING FORCE (IPO VALVE) Fc = PbAb

    OPENING FORCES (IPO VALVE) Fo1 = Pc (Ab- Ap)


    Fo2 = Pt Ap

    TOTAL OPENING FORCE Fo = Pc (Ab - Ap) + Pt Ap

    JUST BEFORE THE VALVE OPENS THE FORCES ARE EQUAL

    Pc (Ab - Ap) + Pt Ap = Pb Ab

    Pb - Pt (Ap/Ab)
    SOLVING FOR Pc Pc = --------------------------
    1 - (Ap/Ab)
    WHERE: Pb = Pressure in bellows
    Pt = Tubing pressure
    Pc = Casing pressure
    Ab = Area of bellows
    Ap = Area of port
    VALVE OPENING & CLOSING PRESSURES
    Pb - Pt (Ap/Ab)
    Pc = ----------------------
    1 - (Ap/Ab)

    Pb - Pt (R)
    Pc = ----------------------
    1-R

    Pb = Pc (1 - R) + Pt (R)

    Where R = Ratio Ap/Ab


    PRODUCED FLUID

    0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500


    INJECTION GAS

    2000

    4000

    6000

    DEPTH FTTVD
    8000

    10000

    12000

    14000
    DRAWDOWN

    TUBING PRESSURE
    CASING PRESSURE FBHP SIBHP
    GAS LIFT VALVES CLOSE IN SEQUENCE
    0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

    2000

    4000
    DEPTH FTTVD

    6000

    8000

    10000

    12000

    14000
    DRAWDOWN

    TUBING PRESSURE
    CASING PRESSURE FBHP SIBHP
    CASING P. CASING P
    TO OPEN TO CLOSE
    PRODUCED FLUID
    DOME P

    INJECTION GAS AT SURFACE 1200 PSI ? PSI

    TUBING P.
    @ DEPTH
    VALVE # 1 1260 PSI ? PSI

    560 PSI

    VALVE # 2 1300 PSI ? PSI


    740 PSI

    890 PSI

    VALVE # 3 1340 PSI ? PSI

    Pd = Pc (1-R) + Pt (R)

    NOTE : ALL VALVES 3/16” R-20


    R = 0.038 1-R = 0.962
    Pb Pb
    Dome Dome

    Chevron Chevron
    Packing Packing
    Stack Stack

    Bellows Bellows

    Stem Tip (Ball)


    Square Edged
    Pc
    Seat Pc
    Stem Tip (Ball)

    Square Edged
    Seat

    Pt
    Chevron Chevron
    Packing Pt Packing
    Stack Stack

    Check Valve Check Valve

    Nitrogen Charged Bellows Type Nitrogen Charged Bellows Type


    Injection Pressure (Casing) Operated Gas Lift Valve Production Pressure (Fluid) Operated Gas Lift Valve
    Dome Pb
    Atmospheric
    Spring Bellows

    Chevron
    Packing
    Stack

    Bellows
    Chevron
    Packing
    Stack

    Pc
    Pc
    Spring
    Adjustment
    Large T.C. Ball Nut & Lock Nuts
    Tapered
    T.C. Seat
    Stem Tip (Ball)
    Square Edged
    Chevron Pt Seat
    Packing
    Stack Chevron
    Packing
    Stack Pt

    Check Valve Check Valve

    Nitrogen Charged Bellows Type Spring Operated


    Proportional Response Gas Lift Valve Injection Pressure (Casing) Operated Gas Lift Valve

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