Syntax
• It simply refers to the study of sentence
structure. Grammatically, sentence
structure presents the proper
arrangement of the basic parts of a
sentence in the context of subject, verb,
and direct object (SVDO) order in
sentences with transitive verbs and
subject-verb (SV) arrangement in
sentences with transitive verbs.
• SYNTAX further calls for the study of
the 8 parts of speech:
Nouns Adverbs
Pronouns Adjectives
Verbs Conjunctions
Interjections
• SYNTAX- also entails with the logical
interrelation ship of words, phrases, and clauses
in sentences for purposes of gaining clarity in
communication and in comprehension.
• SENTENCE – is a word or group of words with a
subject and a predicate which expresses a
complete thought.
Classification of sentences according to Use
and Purpose
1. Declarative Sentence – states a fact or
declares something.
Ex. The boy jumps.
Subject is boy; the verb is jumps
The determiner or article the serves as a
modifier of the boy.
2. Imperative Sentence- is one that commands
or requests.
Ex. Come. Please close the door.
3. An Interrogative Sentence – is one that asks
questions.
Ex. What’s your name?
4. An Exclamatory Sentence – is one that
expresses a strong feeling.
Ex. Wow!
What a tragedy!
She is very beautiful!
Classification of Sentences According to Form
or Grammatical Structure
A. Simple Sentence – contains a simple
subject and a simple predicate; one
which contains and simple subject and
a compound predicate ; a compound
subject and a simple predicate or one
which consists of a compound subject
and a compound predicate.
EXAMPLES
1. A sentence with a simple subject and simple
predicate.
Paolo plays basketball every Saturday.
2. A sentence with a compound subject and a
simple predicate.
Itan and Mike are brothers.
3.A sentence with a simple subject and a
compound predicate.
Lanie cooks and washes the dishes.
4. A sentence with a compound subject and a
compound predicate.
Maggie and Edith work and play together.
B. Compound Sentence- contains two principal
clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions.
Like a simple sentence, a principal clause
expresses a complete thought.
Examples
1. Jasmin plays the piano and Zedric plays the guitar.
The two principal clauses are joined by conjunction and.
COMPOUND COMPLEX SENTENCE- contains two or more principal
clauses and one or more subordinate clauses.
Ex. When Maria was working abroad, her husband stopped working in
the field; hence , he had much time in fooling around with women and
her children who were neglected stopped studying.
Principal Clause : Her husband stopped working in the field; he had
much time in fooling around with women; her children stopped studying.
Subordinate clause: When Maria was working abroad; who were
neglected studying.
C. Complex Sentence – contain s one principal
clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
Ex. I know the students who cheated in
this class.
Principal Clause : I know the students.
Subordinate Clause : Who cheated in this
class.
A complex sentence with one principal clause
and two subordinate clauses.
Ex. I know that there were five students who
cheated in this class.
Principal Clause: I know who cheated in this
class.
Subordinate Clause: that there were five
students
