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Random Variables & Probability Distributions: Quarter 3

Statistics is the science of collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data. Probability is the likelihood that something will occur. A random variable is a function that assigns a numerical value to each possible outcome of an experiment. It can be used to represent characteristics like the number of tails from tossing coins. The values of a random variable are the possible results of the experiment.

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OmengMagcalas
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51 views

Random Variables & Probability Distributions: Quarter 3

Statistics is the science of collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data. Probability is the likelihood that something will occur. A random variable is a function that assigns a numerical value to each possible outcome of an experiment. It can be used to represent characteristics like the number of tails from tossing coins. The values of a random variable are the possible results of the experiment.

Uploaded by

OmengMagcalas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 3
Random Variables &
Probability Distributions
Definition of terms

Statistics
 The word statistics actually comes from the word “state” –
because government have been in the statistical activities
especially the conduct of censuses.
 Is defined as a science that studies data to be able to
make a decision,
 It involves the methods of collecting, processing,
summarizing and analysing data in order to provide
answers or solutions to an inquiry.
Probabilit
Definition of terms

y
 Probability is simply how likely something is to
happen.
 Whenever we’re unsure about the outcome of an
event, we can talk about the probabilities of certain
outcomes—how likely they are.
 The analysis of events governed by probability is
called statistics.
Definition of terms

Activity
 Activity is any activity which can be done repeatedly
under similar conditions

Examples:
• answering multiple choice question
• answering true or false question
• tossing a coin
SampleDefinition of terms

Space
 the set of all POSSIBLE outcomes of an experiment
Examples:
• answering multiple choice question; possible outcome:
a, b, c, d
• true or false question; possible outcome: true, false
• tossing a coin; possible outcome: TAIL, HEAD
Definition of terms
Universe
 Universe is the collection or set of units or entities from whom we got the
data.

Variable
 A variable is a characteristic that is observable or measurable in every
unit of the universe.

Population
 Population is the set of all possible values of a variable.

Sample
 Sample is the subgroup of a universe or of a population.
Random
Random Variables and Probability
Lesson 1:
Distribution

Variable  It is a function that associates a real number to each element


in the sample space.
 It is a result of chance in an event that you can measure or
count.
 It is a numerical quantity that is assigned to the outcome of an
experiment.
NOTE: We use capital letters to represent a random variable.
Random Variables EXAMPLE
Steps in Finding the Random Variable
 Step 1: List the sample space, S
 Step 2: Count the number of the
assigned Value in each outcome and
assign this number to this outcome.
 Step 3: Make a Conclusion
Random Variables EXAMPLE
Example #1
Suppose two coins are tossed and we are interested to determine the
number of tails that will come out. Let us use T to represent the number of
tails that will come out. Determine the values of the random variable T.
Solution:
 Step 1: List the sample space, S

 Step 2: Count the number of the


assigned Value in each outcome
and assign this number to this
outcome.

 Step 3: Make a Conclusion The values of the random variable T (number


of tails) in this experiment are 0, 1 and 2.
Random Variables EXAMPLE
Example #2
Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement from an urn
containing 5 orange balls and 6 violet balls. Let V be the random variable
representing the number of violet balls. Find the values of the random
variable V.  Step 1: List the sample space, S
Step 1: List the sample space, S
Solution:

 Step 2: Count the number of the


assigned Value in each outcome
and assign this number to this
outcome.

 Step 3: Make a Conclusion The values of the random variable V (number of


violet balls) in this experiment are 0, 1, and 2.

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