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Kuliah 5 Insitu Stress

This document discusses insitu stress, also called geostatic stress, in soils. It covers topics like hydrostatic and total stress, pore water pressure, effective stress, and how they vary with depth and seepage. Total stress is the stress from overlying soil and water weights, pore water pressure is from water weight, and effective stress is the stress carried by the soil skeleton. With upward seepage, effective stress decreases; with downward seepage, it increases. There is a critical hydraulic gradient where effective stress reaches zero, risking soil instability. Seepage also creates seepage forces on the soil particles.

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Fat-hanna Marami Sa
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73 views41 pages

Kuliah 5 Insitu Stress

This document discusses insitu stress, also called geostatic stress, in soils. It covers topics like hydrostatic and total stress, pore water pressure, effective stress, and how they vary with depth and seepage. Total stress is the stress from overlying soil and water weights, pore water pressure is from water weight, and effective stress is the stress carried by the soil skeleton. With upward seepage, effective stress decreases; with downward seepage, it increases. There is a critical hydraulic gradient where effective stress reaches zero, risking soil instability. Seepage also creates seepage forces on the soil particles.

Uploaded by

Fat-hanna Marami Sa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INSITU STRESS (GEOSTATIC STRESS)

Introduction

2
Stress in a Soil Mass

Topics

 Introduction

 Geostatic Stress

 Stresses due to external loads


Introduction

9
Introduction

10
Hydrostatic and Total stress

11
• When a load is applied to
soil, it is carried by the water
in the pores as well as the
solid grains. The increase in
pressure within the
porewater causes drainage
(flow out of the soil), and
the load is transferred to the
solid grains. The rate of
drainage depends on the
permeability of the soil. The
strength and compressibility
of the soil depend on the
stresses within the solid
granular fabric. These are
called effective stresses

12
Pore Water Pressure

13
Effective Stress – General Expression

14
Methods of Computations Effective Stress

15
 Diagram

16
Total stress in multi-layered soil

17
EXAMPLE
Plot the variation of total and effective vertical stresses, and
pore water pressure with depth for the soil profile shown
below in Fig.

18
Solution:
Within a soil layer, the unit weight is constant, and therefore the stresses vary
linearly. Therefore, it is adequate if we compute the values at the layer interfaces
and water table location, and join them by straight lines.

19
Solution

20
Example 1
t ’

21
Example 2
t ’

22
23
Stresses in Saturated Soils without Seepage (No flow)
At A,
•Total Stress: A = H1 w
•Pore water pressure: uA = H1 w
•Effective stress: ’A= 0
At B,
•Total Stress: B = H1 w + H2 sat
•Pore water pressure: uB = (H1 + H2) w
•Effective stress: ’B= H2(sat – w) = H2 ’

At C,
•Total Stress: C = H1 w + z sat
•Pore water pressure: uC = (H1 + z) w
•Effective stress: ’C= z(sat – w) = z ’
Stresses in Saturated Soils without Seepage (No flow)
Variations of the total stress, pore water pressure, and effective
stress, respectively, with depth for a soil layer without seepage
Stresses in Saturated Soils with Upward Seepage
If water is seeping, the effective stress at any point in a soil mass
will differ from that in the static case. It will increase or decrease,
.depending on the direction of seepage
Stresses in Saturated Soils with Upward Seepage
Variations of the total stress, pore water pressure, and
effective stress, respectively, with depth for a soil layer with
upward seepage
Stresses in Saturated Soils with Upward Seepage
• Note that h/H2 is the hydraulic gradient I caused by the flow, and
therefore:
   z   iz w
• If the rate of seepage and thereby the hydraulic gradient
gradually are increased, a limiting condition will be reached, at
which ’ is zero:
0  z   icr z w
Where icr: critical hydraulic gradient (for zero effective stress).

icr 
w
• Under such a situation, soil stability is lost. This situation
generally is referred to as boiling, or a quick condition.

• For most soils, the value of icr varies from 0.9 to 1.1, with an
average of 1.
Stresses in Saturated Soils with Downward Seepage

At B,
•Total Stress: B = H1 w + H2 sat
•Pore water pressure: uB = (H1 + H2 - h) w
•Effective stress: ’B= H2(sat – w) + h w
Stresses in Saturated Soils with Downward Seepage
Variations of the total stress, pore water pressure, and effective
stress, respectively, with depth for a soil layer with downward
seepage
Seepage Force
Seepage Force
Seepage Force
Seepage Force

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